journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38301360/ppar-gamma-influences-developmental-competence-and-trophectoderm-lineage-specification-in-bovine-embryos
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maura S McGraw, Sandeep K Rajput, Bradford W Daigneault
IN BRIEF: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a critical regulator of placental function, but earlier roles in preimplantation embryo development and embryonic origins of placental formation have not been established. Results herein demonstrate that PPARG responds to pharmacologic stimulation in the bovine preimplantation embryo and influences blastocyst development, cell lineage specification, and transcripts important for placental function. ABSTRACT: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a key regulator of metabolism with conserved roles that are indispensable for placental function, suggesting previously unidentified and important roles in preimplantation embryo development...
February 1, 2024: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38271820/bmal1-positively-correlates-with-genes-regulating-steroidogenesis-in-human-luteinized-granulosa-cells
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomomi Kawamura, Yidan Dai, Masanori Ono, Takayuki Kikuchi, Akina Yamanaka, Keiko Ueno, Junya Kojima, Tomoko Fujiwara, Takiko Daikoku, Yoshiko Maida, Hitoshi Ando, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Naoaki Kuji, Hirotaka Nishi
IN BRIEF: In this study, we examined the relationship between BMAL1 expression and the genes regulating steroid biosynthesis in human luteinized granulosa cells. BMAL1 function is crucial for steroid production and proper ovarian function, highlighting the importance of circadian clock regulation in female reproductive health. ABSTRACT: Human luteinized granulosa cells were collected to analyze circadian clock gene expression and its effect on the genes regulating steroid biosynthesis...
February 1, 2024: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38271797/morphological-analysis-of-the-human-sperm-tail-during-the-early-post-fertilization-stage
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoshiteru Kai, Hachiro Iseki, Takeshi Matsui, Naoki Yamashita
After fertilization, the human sperm tail lost its fibrous sheath at the pronuclear stage to become coiled and then attached to one of the first mitotic spindle poles. The tip of the sperm tail was branched and its degree did not change from the pronuclear stage to the second mitosis.
February 1, 2024: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38112585/oocyte-activation-is-a-cytoplasm-confined-event-so-far-what-about-the-nucleus
#24
REVIEW
Luisa Gioia, Luca Palazzese, Marta Czernik, Domenico Iuso, Helena Fulka, Josef Fulka, Pasqualino Loi
The fertilizing spermatozoa induce a Ca2+ oscillatory pattern, the universal hallmark of oocyte activation, in all sexually reproducing animals. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) bypass the physiological pathway; however, while a normal Ca2+ release pattern occurs in some species, particularly humans, artificial activation is compulsory for ICSI-fertilized oocytes to develop in most farm animals. Unlike the normal oscillatory pattern, most artificial activation protocols induce a single Ca2+ spike, undermining proper ICSI-derived embryo development in these species...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38112579/generation-of-porcine-endometrial-organoids-and-their-use-as-a-model-for-enhancing-embryonic-attachment-and-elongation
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Islam M Saadeldin, Ayeong Han, Seonggyu Bang, Heejae Kang, Heyyoung Kim, Mariam M Abady, Ji-Seon Jeong, Ha-Jeong Kwon, Sanghoon Lee, JongKi Cho
Endometrial organoids (EOs) are acceptable models for understanding maternal-embryonic crosstalk. This study was conducted to generate EOs and optimize their cryopreservation and provide co-culture modeling with embryos. The endometrial tissues were used for culturing the organoids inside domes of Matrigel®. To improve the long-term storage of EOs, 10 µM ROCK inhibitor (RI) was added to the cryopreservation medium. Day-7 parthenogenetically activated embryos were co-cultured with EOs or EOs outgrowths, and embryonic cell numbers and embryo attachment were monitored...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38112573/immunohistochemical-examination-of-the-utero-placental-interface-of-cows-on-days-21-31-40-and-67-of-gestation
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Heewon Seo, Gabriela D Melo, Ramiro V Oliveira, Gessica Franco-Johannsen, Fuller W Bazer, Ky Pohler, Gregory Johnson
What we understand about early stages of placentation in cattle is based on an elegant series of electron microscopic images that provide exquisite detail, but limited appreciation for the microanatomy across the utero-placental interface. In order to achieve a global perspective on the histology of bovine placentation during critical early stages of gestation, i.e., days 21, 31, 40, and 67, we performed immunohistochemistry to detect cell-specific expression of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG), cytokeratin, epithelial (E)-cadherin, and serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) at the intact utero-placental interface...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38063339/microrna-146b-negatively-affects-bovine-embryo-development-and-quality
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krishna Chaitanya Pavani, Guan XueFeng, Jayendra Chunduru, Tim Meese, Luc J Peelman, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Dieter Deforce, An Hendrix, Kelly Tilleman, Ann Van Soom, Katrien Smits
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which can be carried inside extracellular vesicles (EVs), play a crucial role in regulating embryo development up to the blastocyst stage. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying blastocyst development and quality are largely unknown. Recently, our group identified 69 differentially expressed miRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from culture medium conditioned by bovine embryos that either developed to the blastocyst stage or did not (non-blastocysts). We found miR-146b to be more abundant in the EVs derived from media conditioned by non-blastocyst embryos...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38063330/spermatogonial-depletion-and-a-spermatogenesis-defect-in-the-dp-16-1yey-mouse-model-of-down-syndrome
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rodolphe Dard, Anastasia Tutunaru, Malek Bouassida, Aissatu Balde Camara, Estelle Parizot, Nadim Kassis, Joanne Fortemps, Céline Cierniewski, Chrystèle Racine, Nathalie di Clemente, Francois Vialard, Nathalie Janel
Down syndrome (DS), or Trisomy 21, is the most common chromosomal disorder in humans. Men with DS are infertile. The DYRK1A gene on Hsa21 is involved in several features of DS. Overexpression of the homolog dyrk1A disrupts primordial germ cell migration in zebrafish, and overexpression of Dyrk1A impairs gonadotropic axis function and the early stages of spermatogenesis in the mouse. Other genes on Hsa21 might be involved in the pathogenesis of infertility in DS. We investigated the Dp(16)1Yey mouse model of DS, which features segmental duplication of chromosome Mmu16 (orthologous to a large part of Hsa21 and carrying Dyrk1A and 112 other genes)...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38038651/in-vitro-reduction-of-bovine-oocyte-atp-production-with-oligomycin-affects-embryo-epigenome
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ben Meulders, Jo L M R Leroy, Inne Xhonneux, Peter E J Bols, Waleed F A Marei
This study investigated if oocyte and early embryo epigenetic programming are dependent on oocyte mitochondrial ATP production. A bovine in vitro experiment was performed in which oocyte mitochondrial ATP production was reduced using 5nmol/l oligomycin A (OM; ATP synthase inhibitor) during in vitro maturation (IVM) compared to control (CONT). OM-exposure significantly reduced mitochondrial ATP production rate in MII oocytes (34.6% reduction, P=0.018) and significantly decreased embryo cleavage rate at 48h p...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38038650/ca2-concentrations-in-mouse-sperm-mitochondria-fluctuate-according-to-the-cytosol
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoloxochitl Sánchez-Guevara, Enrique I Oliver, Takuya Nishigaki
Mitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotic cells and play an essential role in energy production and cell signaling. However, the importance of mammalian sperm mitochondria as an energy source remains to be elucidated because glycolysis is known to be dominant. In this context, one of the functions of mammalian sperm mitochondria is considered as a calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis. Previously, the Ca2+ level within the mitochondria of mouse sperm under resting conditions was reported to be high (in the micromolar range) using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Calcium Green-5N (CG-5N)...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37877686/in-vitro-fertilization-program-in-white-rhinoceros
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Bernd Hildebrandt, Susanne Holtze, Silvia Colleoni, Robert Hermes, Jan Stejskal, Isaac Lekolool, David Ndeereh, Patrick Omondi, Linus Kariuki, Domnic Mijele, Samuel Mutisya, Stephen Ngulu, Sebastian Diecke, Katsuhiko Hayashi, Giovanna Lazzari, Barbara de Mori, Pierfrancesco Biasetti, Alessandra Quaggio, Cesare Galli, Frank Goeritz
IN BRIEF: To save endangered rhinoceros species, assisted reproductive technologies are warranted. We here report in vitro blastocyst generation of the Near-Threatened Southern white rhinoceros and, for the first time, also of the technically Extinct Northern white rhinoceros. ABSTRACT: The Anthropocene is marked by a dramatic biodiversity decline, particularly affecting the family Rhinocerotidae. Three of five extant species are listed as Critically Endangered (Sumatran, Javan, black rhinoceros), one as Vulnerable (Indian rhinoceros), and only one white rhino (WR) subspecies, the Southern white rhinoceros (SWR), after more than a century of successful protection is currently classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN, while numbers again are declining...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37855411/mouse-oocytes-restore-antral-stage-partial-mechanical-denudation-in-vitro
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anamaria-Cristina Herta, Nazli Akin, Ingrid Segers, Katy Billooye, Johan Smitz, Ellen Anckaert
IN BRIEF: Partially denuded mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes restore likely functional transzonal projections in culture, under meiotic inhibition, with no detectable impact on oocyte competence. This proof-of-concept study constitutes positive premises for improving the developmental competence of human capacitation (CAPA)-in vitro maturation (IVM) oocytes with inadequate somatic cell connections. ABSTRACT: In vitro oocyte culture might be the sole option for fertility preservation in some patients...
December 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38019967/mitochondrial-uncoupling-proteins-regulate-the-metabolic-function-of-human-sertoli-cells
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David F Carrageta, Laís Freire-Brito, Bárbara Guerra-Carvalho, Raquel L Bernardino, Bruno S Monteiro, Alberto Barros, Pedro F Oliveira, Mariana P Monteiro, Marco G Alves
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial channels responsible for the transport of protons and small molecular substrates across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Altered UCPs expression or function are commonly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, which are both known causes of male infertility. However, UCPs expression and function in the human testis remains to be characterized. This study aimed to assess the UCP homologs (UCP1-6) expression and function in primary cultures of human Sertoli cells (hSCs)...
November 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37999981/ultrastructural-cilia-defects-in-multi-ciliated-uterine-glandular-epithelial-cells-from-women-with-reproductive-failure
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer E Pearson-Farr, Regan Doherty, David S Chatelet, Patricia Goggin, Ka Ying Bonnie Ng, Jane S Lucas, Jane K Cleal, Ying C Cheong, Rohan M Lewis
Endometrial glands secrete products into the endometrium and are necessary for embryo implantation and successful pregnancy. However, structural and functional abnormalities in endometrial gland cilia from women with reproductive failure remain poorly understood. This was a cross sectional study where endometrial biopsies were collected at days 19-23 of the menstrual cycle from women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (n = 15), unexplained subfertility (n = 11) or from egg donor control participants (n = 10)...
November 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37971748/adipolin-is-a-new-adipokine-in-female-reproduction-expression-and-function-in-porcine-granulosa-cells
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alix Barbe, Patrycja Kurowska, Christelle Ramé, Pascal Froment, Agnieszka Rak, Joelle Dupont
Adipolin is a recently discovered adipokine that plays an important role in glucose and insulin level regulation. Previous studies showed its reduced level in serum of women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome; however, whether adipolin regulates ovary function is still unknown. The aim of study was first to determine the level of adipolin in the porcine ovarian follicles granulosa cells (Gc), and then its in vitro effect on proliferation and steroidogenesis as well as phosphorylation of several signalling pathways...
November 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37947291/down-regulation-of-crhbp-is-associated-with-trophoblast-invasion-inhibition-in-recurrent-pregnancy-loss
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fengrun Sun, Liyuan Cui, Jinfeng Qian, Meirong Du, Songcun Wang
Trophoblast invasion is critical for placentation and pregnancy success. Trophoblast dysfunction results in many pregnancy complications, including recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Corticotropin-releasing hormone binding protein (CRHBP), belonging to the CRF family, is fundamental in the stress response and plays important role in parturition during pregnancy via binding with CRH. To further characterize its function in early pregnancy, we explored the expression of CRHBP in villus during early pregnancy. Compared with normal pregnant women, we demonstrated that the expression of CRHBP decreased in the trophoblasts and villus in RPL patients, and knockdown of CRHBP expression could suppress HTR8/SVneo cell invasion significantly...
November 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37934722/transcriptional-profiling-of-kiss1-neurons-from-arcuate-and-rostral-periventricular-hypothalamic-regions-in-female-mice
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen Manchishi, Malwina Prater, William Henry Colledge
The neuropeptide kisspeptin is produced by Kiss1 neurons and is required for normal mammalian fertility. The two main populations of Kiss1 neurons are located in the arcuate (ARC) and the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) of the hypothalamus. To define the molecular signature of these Kiss1 populations, transcriptomics profiling was performed using purified Kiss1 neurons from diestrous stage female mice. From a data set of 7026 genes, 332 differentially expressed transcripts were identified between the Kiss1ARC and Kiss1RP3V neurons...
November 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37651270/emodin-improves-glucose-metabolism-and-ovarian-function-in-pcos-mice-via-the-hmgb1-tlr4-nf-%C3%AE%C2%BAb-molecular-pathway
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonia Otoo, Armin Czika, Jones Lamptey, Jun-Pu Yang, Qian Feng, Mei-Jiao Wang, Ying-Xiong Wang, Yu-Bin Ding
IN BRIEF: Obese PCOS mice display metabolic and endocrine disorders that manifest as abnormal metabolism of glucose and dysfunctions in the reproductive system. This study demonstrates that emodin alleviates most of these conditions possibly via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB pathway. ABSTRACT: PCOS is a reproductive disorder with an unclear etiology. It affects 5-10% of women worldwide and is largely associated with impaired glucose metabolism and obesity. HMGB1 is a nuclear protein associated with impaired glucose metabolism and PCOS...
November 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37903183/effect-of-vitrification-on-protein-o-glcnacylation-in-mouse-metaphase-%C3%A2-oocytes
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kang Zhang, Tianyang Lan, Feifei Lin, Ruichuan Liu, Qifu He, Feng Gao, Shenghui Wu, Jian Kang, Hongmin Li, Fusheng Quan
Oocyte vitrification leads to decreased DNA methylation levels, which impairs the quality and the developmental potential of oocytes. However, the underlying molecular mechanism still need to be further revealed. In this study, mouse metaphase Ⅱ (MⅡ) oocytes were frozen by vitrification technology, while fresh oocytes were used as the control group. The effect of oocyte vitrification on protein O-GlcNAcylation and its impact on the developmental potential of oocytes were elucidated. We found that the protein O-GlcNAcylation levels were significantly increased in vitrified oocytes...
October 1, 2023: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37903182/the-dogma-of-the-sterile-uterus-revisited-does-microbial-seeding-occur-during-fetal-life-in-humans-and-animals
#40
REVIEW
Penelope Banchi, Barbara Colitti, Geert Opsomer, Ada Rota, Ann Van Soom
The debate about the pioneer colonization of the fetus is still open, being the 'in utero colonization' hypothesis versus the 'sterile womb paradigm' the two opposing sides. The seed in this field of research sprouted in human medicine in the last decade and became a central topic in other mammals as well. We aimed to review the literature on bacterial colonization of the healthy placenta, amniotic fluid, and meconium as representatives of the fetal environment. What emerges is that confirming the colonization of feto-maternal tissues by viable bacteria is challenging in humans as well as in animals...
October 1, 2023: Reproduction
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