Optometry : Journal of the American Optometric Association

The focus of this paper is to provide a historical timeline for many of the well over 180 incremental scope of practice expansion and amplification legislative successes achieved in the United States (U.S.) during the 40-year period 1971 - 2011 that cumulatively expanded optometry into medical eye care. This paper also serves to update the historical timeline of scope of practice amplification legislation enacted after the year 1999, which was so comprehensively described up to that point by Dr. Melvin D. Wolfberg...

INTRODUCTION: Chiari I malformation is a congenital, neurological condition that is characterized by defects of the skull base resulting in herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal. Because the condition can result in visual symptoms, patients will often search for answers from their eye care providers; CASE REPORT: A 28-year-old Hispanic diabetic male with a 10-year history of nystagmus was referred to the neuro-ophthalmic disease clinic following the initiation of oscillopsia 1 year previous...

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BACKGROUND: This literature review analyzes the scientific evidence available regarding corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) as a treatment option for progressive keratectasia. METHODS: A literature search was performed using dates from 1990 to August 2010 regarding CXL Specific areas of focus for the literature review include safety and efficacy of the procedure as a stand-alone treatment or when used in conjunction with Intacs® corneal implants (Addition Technology™) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)...

BACKGROUND: Intermittent central suppression (ICS) is a repetitive intermittent ("on-and-off") loss of central visual sensation without strabismus or amblyopia. These repetitive seconds-long suppressions have been suggested to create visual confusion and instability that would cause vision symptoms, contribute to reading complaints, and even impair reading. METHODS: Teacher-identified Job Corps students were diagnosed with ICS and then treated with 5-Hz electronic liquid crystal shutter alternate occlusion...

BACKGROUND: Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) describes a single, first-occurrence attack caused by inflammation/demyelination in 1 or more locations in the central nervous system. The optic nerve is a frequent site affected by this neurologic event. As the name implies, CIS is an isolated condition but is often considered a precursor to multiple sclerosis (MS). When distinctive brain lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accompany CIS, the person is considered at a high risk for MS...

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BACKGROUND: A study was completed to assess the academic and state-level professional optometry leadership views regarding optometry professionals as surge responders in the event of a catastrophic event. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 21-question, self-administered, structured questionnaire. All U.S. optometry school deans and state optometric association presidents were mailed a questionnaire and instructions to return it by mail on completion; 2 repeated mailings were made...

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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is a common virus affecting approximately 170 million people worldwide. The main ocular manifestations of hepatitis C virus include a Sjögren-type of dry eye syndrome and an ischemic retinopathy secondary to treatment with interferon or a result of a systemic vasculitis induced by the infection itself. Current treatment for hepatitis C is a combination therapy using pegylated (long-lasting) interferon and ribavirin. This treatment, however, is not without ocular sequelae...

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome (IOIS), also known as orbital pseudotumor, consists of a spectrum of idiopathic, nonneoplastic, noninfectious, space-occupying lesions, without identifiable local or systemic cause. This case demonstrates a unique presentation of IOIS associated with panuveitis and nonsimultaneous bilateral serous nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachments (NRRD). METHODS: A 38-year-old man initially presented with a unilateral uveitis that progressed quite rapidly to a bilateral presentation...