journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522943/multi-factor-coral-disease-risk-a-new-product-for-early-warning-and-management
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamie M Caldwell, Gang Liu, Erick Geiger, Scott F Heron, C Mark Eakin, Jacqueline De La Cour, Austin Greene, Laurie Raymundo, Jen Dryden, Audrey Schlaff, Jessica S Stella, Tye L Kindinger, Courtney S Couch, Douglas Fenner, Whitney Hoot, Derek Manzello, Megan J Donahue
Ecological forecasts are becoming increasingly valuable tools for conservation and management. However, there are few examples of near-real-time forecasting systems that account for the wide range of ecological complexities. We developed a new coral disease ecological forecasting system that explores a suite of ecological relationships and their uncertainty and investigates how forecast skill changes with shorter lead times. The Multi-Factor Coral Disease Risk product introduced here uses a combination of ecological and marine environmental conditions to predict the risk of white syndromes and growth anomalies across reefs in the central and western Pacific and along the east coast of Australia and is available through the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Watch program...
March 24, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504599/farm-management-and-landscape-context-shape-plant-diversity-at-wetland-edges-in-the-prairie-pothole-region-of-canada
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Anthony Kirk, Juan Andrés Martínez-Lanfranco, Douglas J Forsyth, Amanda E Martin
Evaluating the impacts of farming systems on biodiversity is increasingly important given the need to stem biodiversity loss, decrease fossil fuel dependency, and maintain ecosystem services benefiting farmers. We recorded woody and herbaceous plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in 43 wetland-adjacent prairie remnants beside crop fields managed using conventional, minimum tillage, organic, or perennial cover (wildlife-friendly) land management in the Prairie Pothole Region. We used a hierarchical framework to estimate diversity at regional and local scales (gamma, alpha), and how these are related through species turnover (beta diversity)...
March 20, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485492/logging-response-alters-trajectories-of-reorganization-after-loss-of-a-foundation-tree-species
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Audrey Barker Plotkin, David A Orwig, Meghan Graham MacLean, Aaron M Ellison
Forest insect outbreaks cause large changes in ecosystem structure, composition, and function. Humans often respond to insect outbreaks by conducting salvage logging, which can amplify the immediate effects, but it is unclear whether logging will result in lasting differences in forest structure and dynamics when compared with forests affected only by insect outbreaks. We used 15 years of data from an experimental removal of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. (Eastern hemlock), a foundation tree species within eastern North American forests, and contrasted the rate, magnitude, and persistence of response trajectories between girdling (emulating mortality from insect outbreak) and timber harvest treatments...
March 14, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469663/plant-responses-to-elevated-co-2-under-competing-hypotheses-of-nitrogen-and-phosphorus-limitations
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qing Zhu, William J Riley, Jinyun Tang, Nicholas J Bouskill
The future ecosystem carbon cycle has important implications for biosphere-climate feedback. The magnitude of future plant growth and carbon accumulation depends on plant strategies for nutrient uptake under the stresses of nitrogen (N) versus phosphorus (P) limitations. Two archetypal theories have been widely acknowledged in the literature to represent N and P limitations on ecosystem processes: Liebig's Law of the Minimum (LLM) and the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) approach. LLM states that the more limiting nutrient controls plant growth, and commonly leads to predictions of dramatically dampened ecosystem carbon accumulation over the 21st century...
March 12, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38443739/widespread-agrochemicals-differentially-affect-zooplankton-biomass-and-community-structure-comment
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca C Rooney, Jose Luis Rodriguez-Gil
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 5, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442922/eradicating-an-invasive-mammal-requires-local-elimination-and-reduced-reinvasion-from-an-urban-source-population
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charlotte R Patterson, Audrey Lustig, Philip J Seddon, Deborah J Wilson, Yolanda van Heezik
Invasive mammal eradications are increasingly attempted across large, complex landscapes. Sequentially controlled management zones can be at risk of reinvasion from adjacent uncontrolled areas, and managers must weigh the relative benefits of ensuring complete elimination from a zone or minimizing reinvasion risk. This is complicated in urban areas, where habitat heterogeneity and a lack of baseline ecological knowledge increase uncertainty. We applied a spatial agent-based model to predict the reinvasion of a well-studied species, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), across an urban area onto a peninsula that is the site of an elimination campaign in Aotearoa New Zealand...
March 5, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426805/biotic-interactions-in-soil-and-dung-shape-parasite-transmission-in-temperate-ruminant-systems-an-integrative-framework
#7
REVIEW
Christopher J Boughton, Lesley T Lancaster, Eric R Morgan
Gastrointestinal helminth parasites undergo part of their life cycle outside their host, such that developmental stages interact with the soil and dung fauna. These interactions are capable of affecting parasite transmission on pastures yet are generally ignored in current models, empirical studies and practical management. Dominant methods of parasite control, which rely on anthelmintic medications for livestock, are becoming increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of drug-resistant parasite populations...
March 1, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38425089/recolonization-of-secondary-forests-by-a-locally-extinct-caribbean-anole-through-the-lens-of-range-expansion-theory
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miguel A Acevedo, Carly Fankhauser, Luis González, Marné Quigg, Bella Gonzalez, Riccardo Papa
Disturbance and recovery dynamics are characteristic features of many ecosystems. Disturbance dynamics are widely studied in ecology and conservation biology. Still, we know less about the ecological processes that drive ecosystem recovery. The ecological processes that mediate ecosystem recovery stand at the intersection of many theoretical frameworks. Range expansion theory is one of these complementary frameworks that can provide unique insights into the population-level processes that mediate ecosystem recovery, particularly fauna recolonization...
February 29, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38425036/eastern-canadian-boreal-forest-soil-and-foliar-chemistry-show-evidence-of-resilience-to-long-term-nitrogen-addition
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Houle, Jean-David Moore, Marie Renaudin
The boreal forest is one of the world's largest terrestrial biome and plays crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles, such as carbon (C) sequestration in vegetation and soil. However, the impacts of decades of N deposition on N-limited ecosystems, like the eastern Canadian boreal forest, remain unclear. For 13 years, N deposition was simulated by periodically adding ammonium nitrate on soils of two boreal coniferous forests (i.e., balsam fir and black spruce) of eastern Canada, at low (LN) and high (HN) rates, corresponding to 3 and 10 times the ambient N deposition, respectively...
February 29, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421094/local-and-regional-scale-effects-of-hedgerows-on-grassland-and-forest-associated-bird-populations-within-agroecosystems
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Devin R de Zwaan, Kevin C Hannah, Niloofar Alavi, Greg W Mitchell, David R Lapen, Jason Duffe, Scott Wilson
Linear woody features (LWFs), like hedgerows along field edges, provide wildlife habitat and support biodiversity in agroecosystems. Assessments of LWFs usually focus on community-level indices, such as species richness. However, effective conservation actions need to balance the contrasting habitat preferences of different wildlife species, necessitating a focus on population-level effects in working landscapes. We assessed associations between LWFs and abundance for 45 bird species within an intensive agroecosystem in eastern Ontario, Canada...
February 29, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38417451/human-access-constrains-optimal-foraging-and-habitat-availability-in-an-avian-generalist
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas M Masto, Abigail G Blake-Bradshaw, Cory J Highway, Allison C Keever, Jamie C Feddersen, Heath M Hagy, Bradley S Cohen
Animals balance costs of antipredator behaviors with resource acquisition to minimize hunting and other mortality risks and maximize their physiological condition. This inherent trade-off between forage abundance, its quality, and mortality risk is intensified in human-dominated landscapes because fragmentation, habitat loss, and degradation of natural vegetation communities is often coupled with artificially enhanced vegetation (i.e., food plots), creating high-risk, high-reward resource selection decisions...
February 28, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38404050/natural-vegetation-biomass-and-the-dimension-of-forest-quality-in-tropical-agricultural-landscapes
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Renato Miazaki de Toledo, Vania Regina Pivello, Michael Philip Perring, Luciano Martins Verdade
Forest cover has been a pivotal indicator of biological conservation and carrying capacity for wildlife in forest ecoregions. Such a relationship underpins policies focused on the extension of protected lands. Here, we estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) as a proxy for habitat quality in seminatural rural patches and provide a comparison with approaches that only consider forest cover. We hypothesize that recommendations for biological conservation in agricultural landscapes are substantially improved if habitat quality is also taken into account, and thus consider the possibility of forest quality being modulated by land-use amount, type, and age...
February 25, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379458/the-long-shadow-of-woody-encroachment-an-integrated-approach-to-modeling-grassland-songbird-habitat
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katy M Silber, Trevor J Hefley, Henry N Castro-Miller, Zak Ratajczak, W Alice Boyle
Animals must track resources over relatively fine spatial and temporal scales, particularly in disturbance-mediated systems like grasslands. Grassland birds respond to habitat heterogeneity by dispersing among sites within and between years, yet we know little about how they make post-dispersal settlement decisions. Many methods exist to quantify the resource selection of mobile taxa, but the habitat data used in these models are frequently not collected at the same location or time that individuals were present...
February 21, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379442/a-meta-analysis-reveals-increases-in-soil-organic-carbon-following-the-restoration-and-recovery-of-croplands-in-southwest-china
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zihao Guo, Shuting Zhang, Lichen Zhang, Yangzhou Xiang, Jianping Wu
In China, the Grain for Green Program (GGP) is an ambitious project to convert croplands into natural vegetation, but exactly how changes in vegetation translate into changes in soil organic carbon remains less clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis using 734 observations to explore the effects of land recovery on soil organic carbon and nutrients in four provinces in Southwest China. Following GGP, the soil organic carbon content (SOCc) and soil organic carbon stock (SOCs) increased by 33.73% and 22.39%, respectively, compared with the surrounding croplands...
February 21, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379349/optimal-allocation-of-resources-among-general-and-species-specific-tools-for-plant-pest-biosecurity-surveillance
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hoa-Thi-Minh Nguyen, Long Chu, Andrew M Liebhold, Rebecca Epanchin-Niell, John M Kean, Tom Kompas, Andrew P Robinson, Eckehard G Brockerhoff, Joslin L Moore
This paper proposes a surveillance model for plant pests that can optimally allocate resources among survey tools with varying properties. While some survey tools are highly specific for the detection of a single pest species, others are more generalized. There is considerable variation in the cost and sensitivity of these tools, but there are no guidelines or frameworks for identifying which tools are most cost-effective when used in surveillance programs that target the detection of newly invaded populations...
February 20, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38357775/distinct-latitudinal-patterns-and-drivers-of-topsoil-nitrogen-and-phosphorus-across-urban-forests-in-eastern-china
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nan Xia, Enzai Du, Xinhui Wu, Yang Tang, Hongbo Guo, Yang Wang
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two most important macronutrients supporting forest growth. Unprecedented urbanization has created growing areas of urban forests that provide key ecosystem services for city dwellers. However, the large-scale patterns of soil N and P content remain poorly understood in urban forests. Based on a systematic soil survey in urban forests from nine large cities across eastern China, we examined the spatial patterns and key drivers of topsoil (0-20 cm) total N content, total P content, and N:P ratio...
February 15, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38351586/sustaining-eastern-oak-forests-synergistic-effects-of-fire-and-topography-on-vegetation-and-fuels
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Todd F Hutchinson, Bryce T Adams, Matthew B Dickinson, Maryjane Heckel, Alejandro A Royo, Melissa A Thomas-Van Gundy
Across much of the eastern United States, oak forests are undergoing mesophication as shade-tolerant competitors become more abundant and suppress oak regeneration. Given the historical role of anthropogenic surface fires in promoting oak dominance, prescribed fire has become important in efforts to reverse mesophication and sustain oaks. In 2000 we established the Ohio Hills Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) study to examine whether repeated prescribed fire (Fire), mechanical partial harvest (Mech), and their combined application (Mech + Fire) reduced the dominance of subcanopy mesophytic competitors, increased the abundance of large oak-hickory advance regeneration, created a more diverse and productive ground-layer flora, and produced fuel beds more conducive to prescribed fire, reducing the risk of high-severity wildfire...
February 13, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38305124/temporal-dynamics-in-the-composition-of-bird-communities-along-a-gradient-of-farmland-restoration
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angie Haslem, Rohan H Clarke, Alex C Maisey, Alistair Stewart, James Q Radford, Andrew F Bennett
Revegetation plantings are a key activity in farmland restoration and are commonly assumed to support biotic communities that, with time, replicate those of reference habitats. Restoration outcomes, however, can be highly variable and difficult to predict; hence there is value in quantifying restoration success to improve future efforts. We test the expectation that, over time, revegetation will restore bird communities to match those in reference habitats; and assess whether specific planting attributes enhance restoration success...
February 2, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38303165/concurrent-threats-and-extinction-risk-in-a-long-lived-highly-fecund-vertebrate-with-parental-care
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George C Brooks, William A Hopkins, Holly K Kindsvater
Detecting declines and quantifying extinction risk of long-lived, highly fecund vertebrates, including fishes, reptiles, and amphibians, can be challenging. In addition to the false notion that large clutches always buffer against population declines, the imperiled status of long-lived species can often be masked by extinction debt, wherein adults persist on the landscape for several years after populations cease to be viable. Here we develop a demographic model for the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), an imperiled aquatic salamander with paternal care...
February 1, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38286682/wetlands-as-a-potential-multifunctioning-tool-to-mitigate-eutrophication-and-brownification
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Borgström, Lars-Anders Hansson, Clemens Klante, Johanna Sjöstedt
Eutrophication and brownification are ongoing environmental problems affecting aquatic ecosystems. Due to anthropogenic changes, increasing amounts of organic and inorganic compounds are entering aquatic systems from surrounding catchment areas, increasing both nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), and water color with societal, as well as ecological consequences. Several studies have focused on the ability of wetlands to reduce nutrients, whereas data on their potential to reduce TOC and water color are scarce...
January 29, 2024: Ecological Applications
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