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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Changwan Chen, Mahsa Altafi, Mihaela-Anca Corbu, Aleksandra Trenk, Hanna van den Munkhof, Kristin Weineck, Franziska Bender, Marta Carus-Cadavieco, Alisa Bakhareva, Tatiana Korotkova, Alexey Ponomarenko
Innate behaviors meet multiple needs adaptively and in a serial order, suggesting the existence of a hitherto elusive brain dynamics that brings together representations of upcoming behaviors during their selection. Here we show that during behavioral transitions, possible upcoming behaviors are encoded by specific signatures of neuronal populations in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) that are active near beta oscillation peaks. Optogenetic recruitment of intrahypothalamic inhibition at this phase eliminates behavioral transitions...
March 18, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adrian J Duszkiewicz, Pierre Orhan, Sofia Skromne Carrasco, Eleanor H Brown, Eliott Owczarek, Gilberto R Vite, Emma R Wood, Adrien Peyrache
The interplay between excitation and inhibition determines the fidelity of cortical representations. The receptive fields of excitatory neurons are often finely tuned to encoded features, but the principles governing the tuning of inhibitory neurons remain elusive. In this study, we recorded population of neurons in the mouse postsubiculum (PoSub), where the majority of excitatory neurons are head-direction (HD) cells. We show that the tuning of fast-spiking (FS) cells, the largest class of cortical inhibitory neurons, was broad and frequently radially symmetrical...
March 15, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#23
Elisa Floriddia
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 12, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Berta Marcó de la Cruz, Joaquín Campos, Angela Molinaro, Xingqiao Xie, Gaowei Jin, Zhiyi Wei, Claudio Acuna, Fredrik H Sterky
The formation of mammalian synapses entails the precise alignment of presynaptic release sites with postsynaptic receptors but how nascent cell-cell contacts translate into assembly of presynaptic specializations remains unclear. Guided by pioneering work in invertebrates, we hypothesized that in mammalian synapses, liprin-α proteins directly link trans-synaptic initial contacts to downstream steps. Here we show that, in human neurons lacking all four liprin-α isoforms, nascent synaptic contacts are formed but recruitment of active zone components and accumulation of synaptic vesicles is blocked, resulting in 'empty' boutons and loss of synaptic transmission...
March 12, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 11, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chun-Feng Shang, Yu-Fan Wang, Mei-Ting Zhao, Qiu-Xiang Fan, Shan Zhao, Yu Qian, Sheng-Jin Xu, Yu Mu, Jie Hao, Jiu-Lin Du
Large-scale imaging of neuronal activities is crucial for understanding brain functions. However, it is challenging to analyze large-scale imaging data in real time, preventing closed-loop investigation of neural circuitry. Here we develop a real-time analysis system with a field programmable gate array-graphics processing unit design for an up to 500-megabyte-per-second image stream. Adapted to whole-brain imaging of awake larval zebrafish, the system timely extracts activity from up to 100,000 neurons and enables closed-loop perturbations of neural dynamics...
March 11, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Cai, Wenwen Zhang, Qin Zheng, Chia Chun Hor, Tong Pan, Mahar Fatima, Xinzhong Dong, Bo Duan, X Z Shawn Xu
Thermosensors expressed in peripheral somatosensory neurons sense a wide range of environmental temperatures. While thermosensors detecting cool, warm and hot temperatures have all been extensively characterized, little is known about those sensing cold temperatures. Though several candidate cold sensors have been proposed, none has been demonstrated to mediate cold sensing in somatosensory neurons in vivo, leaving a knowledge gap in thermosensation. Here we characterized mice lacking the kainate-type glutamate receptor GluK2, a mammalian homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans cold sensor GLR-3...
March 11, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neda Shahidi, Melissa Franch, Arun Parajuli, Paul Schrater, Anthony Wright, Xaq Pitkow, Valentin Dragoi
Until now, it has been difficult to examine the neural bases of foraging in naturalistic environments because previous approaches have relied on restrained animals performing trial-based foraging tasks. Here we allowed unrestrained monkeys to freely interact with concurrent reward options while we wirelessly recorded population activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The animals decided when and where to forage based on whether their prediction of reward was fulfilled or violated. This prediction was not solely based on a history of reward delivery, but also on the understanding that waiting longer improves the chance of reward...
March 5, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco Limone, Shane Liddelow
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 29, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carmelo Milioto, Mireia Carcolé, Ashling Giblin, Rachel Coneys, Olivia Attrebi, Mhoriam Ahmed, Samuel S Harris, Byung Il Lee, Mengke Yang, Robert A Ellingford, Raja S Nirujogi, Daniel Biggs, Sally Salomonsson, Matteo Zanovello, Paula de Oliveira, Eszter Katona, Idoia Glaria, Alla Mikheenko, Bethany Geary, Evan Udine, Deniz Vaizoglu, Sharifah Anoar, Khrisha Jotangiya, Gerard Crowley, Demelza M Smeeth, Mirjam L Adams, Teresa Niccoli, Rosa Rademakers, Marka van Blitterswijk, Anny Devoy, Soyon Hong, Linda Partridge, Alyssa N Coyne, Pietro Fratta, Dario R Alessi, Ben Davies, Marc Aurel Busche, Linda Greensmith, Elizabeth M C Fisher, Adrian M Isaacs
Dipeptide repeat proteins are a major pathogenic feature of C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9ALS)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD) pathology, but their physiological impact has yet to be fully determined. Here we generated C9orf72 dipeptide repeat knock-in mouse models characterized by expression of 400 codon-optimized polyGR or polyPR repeats, and heterozygous C9orf72 reduction. (GR)400 and (PR)400 knock-in mice recapitulate key features of C9ALS/FTD, including cortical neuronal hyperexcitability, age-dependent spinal motor neuron loss and progressive motor dysfunction...
February 29, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana C Sias, Yousif Jafar, Caitlin M Goodpaster, Kathia Ramírez-Armenta, Tyler M Wrenn, Nicholas K Griffin, Keshav Patel, Alexander C Lamparelli, Melissa J Sharpe, Kate M Wassum
To make adaptive decisions, we build an internal model of the associative relationships in an environment and use it to make predictions and inferences about specific available outcomes. Detailed, identity-specific cue-reward memories are a core feature of such cognitive maps. Here we used fiber photometry, cell-type and pathway-specific optogenetic manipulation, Pavlovian cue-reward conditioning and decision-making tests in male and female rats, to reveal that ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTADA ) projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) drive the encoding of identity-specific cue-reward memories...
February 23, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 22, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chris Greene, Ruairi Connolly, Declan Brennan, Aoife Laffan, Eoin O'Keeffe, Lilia Zaporojan, Jeffrey O'Callaghan, Bennett Thomson, Emma Connolly, Ruth Argue, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Aideen Long, Cliona Ni Cheallaigh, Niall Conlon, Colin P Doherty, Matthew Campbell
Vascular disruption has been implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and may predispose to the neurological sequelae associated with long COVID, yet it is unclear how blood-brain barrier (BBB) function is affected in these conditions. Here we show that BBB disruption is evident during acute infection and in patients with long COVID with cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as brain fog. Using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, we show BBB disruption in patients with long COVID-associated brain fog...
February 22, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 22, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barbara Hollunder, Jill L Ostrem, Ilkem Aysu Sahin, Nanditha Rajamani, Simón Oxenford, Konstantin Butenko, Clemens Neudorfer, Pablo Reinhardt, Patricia Zvarova, Mircea Polosan, Harith Akram, Matteo Vissani, Chencheng Zhang, Bomin Sun, Pavel Navratil, Martin M Reich, Jens Volkmann, Fang-Cheng Yeh, Juan Carlos Baldermann, Till A Dembek, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, Eduardo Joaquim Lopes Alho, Paulo Roberto Franceschini, Pranav Nanda, Carsten Finke, Andrea A Kühn, Darin D Dougherty, R Mark Richardson, Hagai Bergman, Mahlon R DeLong, Alberto Mazzoni, Luigi M Romito, Himanshu Tyagi, Ludvic Zrinzo, Eileen M Joyce, Stephan Chabardes, Philip A Starr, Ningfei Li, Andreas Horn
Frontal circuits play a critical role in motor, cognitive and affective processing, and their dysfunction may result in a variety of brain disorders. However, exactly which frontal domains mediate which (dys)functions remains largely elusive. We studied 534 deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted to treat four different brain disorders. By analyzing which connections were modulated for optimal therapeutic response across these disorders, we segregated the frontal cortex into circuits that had become dysfunctional in each of them...
February 22, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin L L Clayton, James D Kristell, Kevin C Allan, Erin F Cohn, Molly Karl, Andrew D Jerome, Eric Garrison, Yuka Maeno-Hikichi, Annalise M Sturno, Alexis Kerr, H Elizabeth Shick, Jesse A Sepeda, Eric C Freundt, Andrew R Sas, Benjamin M Segal, Robert H Miller, Paul J Tesar
Disease, injury and aging induce pathological reactive astrocyte states that contribute to neurodegeneration. Modulating reactive astrocytes therefore represent an attractive therapeutic strategy. Here we describe the development of an astrocyte phenotypic screening platform for identifying chemical modulators of astrocyte reactivity. Leveraging this platform for chemical screening, we identify histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibitors as effective suppressors of pathological astrocyte reactivity. We demonstrate that HDAC3 inhibition reduces molecular and functional characteristics of reactive astrocytes in vitro...
February 20, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Josefine Radke, Jenny Meinhardt, Tom Aschman, Robert Lorenz Chua, Vadim Farztdinov, Sören Lukassen, Foo Wei Ten, Ekaterina Friebel, Naveed Ishaque, Jonas Franz, Valerie Helena Huhle, Ronja Mothes, Kristin Peters, Carolina Thomas, Shirin Schneeberger, Elisa Schumann, Leona Kawelke, Julia Jünger, Viktor Horst, Simon Streit, Regina von Manitius, Péter Körtvélyessy, Stefan Vielhaber, Dirk Reinhold, Anja E Hauser, Anja Osterloh, Philipp Enghard, Jana Ihlow, Sefer Elezkurtaj, David Horst, Florian Kurth, Marcel A Müller, Nils C Gassen, Julia Melchert, Katharina Jechow, Bernd Timmermann, Camila Fernandez-Zapata, Chotima Böttcher, Werner Stenzel, Elke Krüger, Markus Landthaler, Emanuel Wyler, Victor Corman, Christine Stadelmann, Markus Ralser, Roland Eils, Frank L Heppner, Michael Mülleder, Christian Conrad, Helena Radbruch
Neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment and fatigue, can occur in both the acute infection phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and at later stages, yet the mechanisms that contribute to this remain unclear. Here we profiled single-nucleus transcriptomes and proteomes of brainstem tissue from deceased individuals at various stages of COVID-19. We detected an inflammatory type I interferon response in acute COVID-19 cases, which resolves in the late disease phase. Integrating single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, we could localize two patterns of reaction to severe systemic inflammation, one neuronal with a direct focus on cranial nerve nuclei and a separate diffuse pattern affecting the whole brainstem...
February 16, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lukas Kunz, Bernhard P Staresina, Peter C Reinacher, Armin Brandt, Tim A Guth, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Joshua Jacobs
Associative memory enables the encoding and retrieval of relations between different stimuli. To better understand its neural basis, we investigated whether associative memory involves temporally correlated spiking of medial temporal lobe (MTL) neurons that exhibit stimulus-specific tuning. Using single-neuron recordings from patients with epilepsy performing an associative object-location memory task, we identified the object-specific and place-specific neurons that represented the separate elements of each memory...
February 16, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noga Or-Geva, Lawrence Steinman
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 15, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Hahn, Xue-Xin Wei
Perceptual biases are widely regarded as offering a window into the neural computations underlying perception. To understand these biases, previous work has proposed a number of conceptually different, and even seemingly contradictory, explanations, including attraction to a Bayesian prior, repulsion from the prior due to efficient coding and central tendency effects on a bounded range. We present a unifying Bayesian theory of biases in perceptual estimation derived from first principles. We demonstrate theoretically an additive decomposition of perceptual biases into attraction to a prior, repulsion away from regions with high encoding precision and regression away from the boundary...
February 15, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
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