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Journals Japanese Journal of Leprosy : ...

Japanese Journal of Leprosy : Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association

https://read.qxmd.com/read/25272517/-the-characteristic-of-oral-status-and-dental-treatment-of-leprosy-sequelae-patients
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masatsugu Nakagawa, Akemi Shimizu
The leprosy sequelae especially the handicap of eyes and hands makes difficult to maintain the oral health status. So, leprosy sequelae patients are controlling themselves by creative and original methods. However even such efforts have hardly reached the level to stop of caries and periodontal disease. More support is required in order for them to maintain the oral health status. Therefore, in National Sanatorium Nagashima Aiseien, we started the periodic preventive system containing oral check-up, mouth cleaning, and early detection early treatment 15 years before...
July 2014: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25076761/-review-of-who-expert-committee-on-leprosy-8th-report-comparison-to-7th-report
#22
REVIEW
Shinichi Kitajima, Junichiro En, Shiori Kitajima, Sumana Barua, Masamichi Goto
In 2012 the WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy published its 8th report, 14 years after the publication of its 7th report in 1998. This report, the first since the leprosy reduction goal was met in 2000, highlights key points such as improvements in the quality of various services available to patients and the efforts of individuals and societies, in addition to medical progress in diagnosis and treatment. This review will mainly describe the changes made since the 7th report. Some of the main modifications are the deletion of single lesion paucibacillary type, elongated treatment of patients with high bacterial indices, the introduction of promising new drugs, and a shift from reducing the statistical number of patients to a new target for disability prevention...
March 2014: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25076760/-rapid-detection-of-mutations-related-to-mycobacterium-leprae-drug-resistance-by-using-hp-rpcr-hairpin-primer-real-time-pcr-method
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masanori Kai
Rapid and simple detection method of drug resistance bacteria is required. In the present study, Hp-rPCR (hairpin primer-real time PCR) was applied to Mycobacterium leprae genes to detect mutations. Target sites of the method were as follows: first base and second base on 53rd codon and second base on 55th codon infolP1 gene for dapsone resistance, first base on 441st codon and 451st codon and second base on 456th and 458th codon in rpoB gene for rifampicin resistance, and first base on 89th codon and second base on 91st codon in gyrA gene for quinolone resistance which were common mutation sites in clinical reports...
March 2014: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24579462/-guidelines-for-the-treatment-of-hansen-s-disease-in-japan-third-edition
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masamichi Goto, Reiko Nogam, Yoshiko Okano, Masaichi Gidoh, Rie Yotsu, Yutaka Ishida, Shinichi Kitajima, Masanori Kai, Norihisa Ishii, Motoaki Ozaki, Kentaro Hatano
ad hoc committee of Japanese Leprosy Association recommends revised standard treatment protocol of leprosy in Japan, which is a modification of World Health Organization's multidrug therapy (WHO/MDT, 2010). For paucibacillary (PB) leprosy, 6 months treatment by rifampicin and dapsone (MDT/PB) is enough. However, for high bacterial load multibacillary (MB) leprosy, 12 months treatment seems insufficient. Thus, (A) For MB with bacterial index (BI) > 3 before treatment, 2 years treatment by rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine (MDT/MB) is necessary...
December 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24579461/-present-state-of-hansen-s-disease-between-2012-and-2013-weekly-epidemiological-record-no-35-2013-88-365-380-translated-by-shuichi-mori
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sumana Barua
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24579460/innate-and-acquired-immune-responses-to-mycobacterial-infections-involvement-of-il-17a-il-23-axis-in-protective-immunity
#26
REVIEW
Masayuki Umemura, Goro Matsuzaki
Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and continues to be a serious threat to human life. Since M. tuberculosis establishes intracellular parasitism in macrophages, host innate and acquired immune systems have to detect and enhance bactericidal activity against the intracellular bacteria. Understanding of interaction between pathogenic factors of M. tuberculosis and host is also important to understand how immune system copes with the pathogen. In this review, we shortly summarize the mechanisms how innate and acquired immunity recognize M...
December 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24579459/-molecular-mechanisms-of-dormancy-and-drug-tolerance-in-mycobacteria
#27
REVIEW
Sohkichi Matsumoto
Instead of rapid multiplication, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis are likely to have acquired slow but long life. Host immunity affords desirable non-competitive environment for M tuberculosis in human lungs, where this pathogen slowly grows or arrests growing, which avoids rapid loss of living places. Mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP1), a unique histone-like protein associating mycobacterial GC-rich DNA, has pivotal role in realizing such slow life and pathogenesis including drug tolerance to isoniazid...
December 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24579458/-towards-novel-tuberculosis-and-leprosy-vaccine-development-the-role-of-th1-inducing-peptide-in-cytotoxic-t-cell-differentiation
#28
REVIEW
Toshiki Tamura, Yoko Shimohakamada, Masahiko Makino
The effectiveness of a vaccine against tuberculosis and leprosy is mainly judged by its capability to induce memory CD8 cytotoxic T cells (CTL). It has been reported that 'help' from CD4+ T cells is required to induce memory CTL. However, how CD4+ T cells instruct or support memory CTL during priming phase has not been resolved in detail. Therefore, we examined the helper function of CD4+ T cells in CTL differentiation. Peptide-25 is the major T cell epitope of Ag85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We found that this peptide induced the expression of T-bet and TATA box binding protein-associated factor that can induce the chromatin remodeling of ifn-gamma gene, and as a result induced Th1 differentiation even in the absence of IFN-gamma and IL-12...
December 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24579457/-development-of-a-novel-recombinant-bcg-for-tuberculosis-vaccine
#29
REVIEW
Masahiko Makino
A novel recombinant BCG (BCG-DHTM), that was deficient in urease, expressed with gene encoding the fusion of BCG-derived HSP70 and M. tuberculosis-derived major membrane protein (MMP)-II, was constructed for use as a vaccine against tuberculosis. BCG-DHTM efficiently activated dendritic cells (DC) to induce cytokine production, including IL-12, TNFalpha and IL-1beta and phenotypic changes. The DC infected BCG-DHTM was more potent in activation of native T cells of CD4 and CD8 subsets than those infected vector control BCG...
December 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24579456/-international-cooperation-with-the-neglected-tropical-disease-buruli-ulcer-in-togo
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomoki Niiyama
The objectives of this paper are to grasp the current status of an endemic disease, known as Buruli ulcer (BU), in the Republic of Togo and the expansion of international assistance in the field. By adopting the explicit support model, this paper also compares the obtained research results with those of the Republic of Ghana and Benin, to clarify the primary functions played among respective governments, WHO, and NGO. Under the auspices of the WHO Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative (GBUI, 1998-), National Buruli Ulcer Control Programme (NBUCP) in the Togo was initiated in 1999...
December 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24579455/-quality-of-life-of-leprosy-patients-group-in-vietnam
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroyuki Watanabe
Vietnam has achieved WHO's leprosy elimination goal at a national level, but there are a lot ofex-leprosy patients who have severe physical disabilities in the leprosy treatment centers and resettlement villages. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of life (QOL) of ex-leprosy patients in Vietnam. The study was conducted in two leprosy treatment centers in Vietnam. The SF-36v2 QOL survey was used to evaluate the leprosy patients' health related conditions, and as a comparison group, SF-36v2 QOL survey was provided to a random group from the general population to measure the general groups' health related conditions...
December 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24032183/-in-memoriam-dr-kyaw-myint
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23678580/-present-leprosy-situation-in-the-world-in-2012
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuichi Mori, Sumana Barua, Koichi Suzuki, Rie Roselyne Yotsu, Norihisa Ishii
The epidemiological situation of leprosy is reported by the health division of each country to WHO. The reported data is collected by WHO and is immediately run on the Weekly Epidemiological Record. On this latest edition, data from the beginning of 2012 was reported. The Enhanced global strategy for further reducing the disease burden due to leprosy (plan period: 2011-2015) emphasizes reducing grade-2 disabilities among new cases. The sustained and committed efforts by the national programmes along with the continued support from national and international partners have led to a decline in the global burden of leprosy...
April 2013: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23012850/-prof-masao-ota-was-interested-in-kaisyun-hospital-of-kumamoto
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomomichi Ono
From among the materials of Masao Ota, in the Library of Tokyo University, a letter (1931) was found from Isamu Miyake, prof. of Dermatology, Kumamoto Medical College. Its contents was some information on Kaisyun Hospital (The Kumamoto Hospital of the Resurrection of Hope, leprosy hospital), A calendar (the 1930s) of Kaisyun Hospital was also found in Riddell & Wright's Memorial Museum. This calendar was written in English, and it was to ask for the British and American sponsors to contribute. It includes a lot of articles related to leprosy like Riddell's article...
September 2012: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23012849/-collaboration-between-korea-and-japan-for-basic-research-on-leprosy
#35
REVIEW
Masanori Matsuoka
New case detection in Japan has been markedly decreased and same trends have been also shown in Korea. Despite of unfavorable circumstances, research activities are still continuing and we have the accumulation of knowledge on leprosy both in Japan and Korea. Following basic studies for leprosy on going in Japan were reviewed. 1. Analysis of drug resistance mechanism and its application for clinical samples. 2. Establishment of early diagnostic technique. 3. Clarification of mechanisms of neuropathy. 4. Analysis of in vivo growth mechanisms of Mycobacterium leprae...
September 2012: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23012848/-enhanced-activation-of-t-lymphocytes-by-urease-deficient-recombinant-bacillus-calmette-gu%C3%A3-rin-producing-heat-shock-protein-70-major-membrane-protein-ii-fusion-protein
#36
REVIEW
Masahiko Makino, Tetsu Mukai
To activate naïve T cells convincingly using Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG), rBCG (BCG-D70M) that was deficient in urease, expressed with gene encoding the fusion of BCG-derived heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and Mycobacterium leprae-derived major membrane protein (MMP)-II, one of the immunodominant Ags of M. leprae, was newly constructed. BCG-D70M was more potent in activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets of naïve T cells than rBCGs including urease-deficient BCG and BCG-70M secreting HSP70-MMP-II fusion protein...
September 2012: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23012847/genotyping-of-mycobacterium-leprae-in-myanmar-and-possible-transmission-modes
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Khin Saw Aye, Yin Thet Nu Oo, Kyaw Kyaw, Aye Aye Win, Masanori Matsuoka
The polymorphism of TTC repeats in Mycobacterium leprae was examined using bacilli from slit skin samples of leprosy patients attending at Central Special Skin Clinic, Yangon General Hospital and nasal swabs of their contacts to elucidate the possible mode of leprosy transmission. It was found that bacilli with different TTC genotypes were distributed among same household contacts and also harbored bacilli in patients were different TTC genotype from that harbored on the nasal mucus of the healthy contacts...
September 2012: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23012846/-buruli-ulcer-and-the-national-health-insurance-scheme-in-ghana
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomoki Niiyama
The objectives of this paper are to grasp the current status of an endemic disease in the Republic of Ghana known as Buruli ulcer(BU) and to clarify relationships between the National Health Insurance Scheme(NHIS) and the health care system. As for the method of the study, I have adopted field investigations conducted in Ghana in March, 2009 and August, 2011. All the counter-measurements on BU taken either by the very government or international NGOs have been administered and controlled the disease in accordance with the National Buruli ulcer Control Programme(NBUCP) under the guidance of Global Buruli ulcer Initiative which was established in Geneva, Switzerland in 1998 as an advisory committee of the World Health Organization...
September 2012: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23012845/-phagocytosis-of-mycobacterium-leprae-down-regulates-anti-microbial-activity-of-murine-macrophages-against-mycobacterium-intracellulare
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yutaka Tatano, Chiaki Sano, Masako Emori, Hajime Saito, Katsumasa Sato, Toshiaki Shimizu, Haruaki Tomioka
Patients with highly bacillated lepromatous leprosy (LL) essentially lack T cell-mediated immune responses specific to Mycobacterium leprae (ML) antigens, resulting in severely impaired host resistance to leprosy bacilli. Such type of immune unresponsiveness characteristic of LL patients is mainly attributable to markedly depressed T cell ability to activate/expand in response to ML antigens. In this study, we examined profiles of antimycobacterial activity of macrophages, which phagocytized leprosy bacilli, because there is another possibility that, in LL patients, host macrophages in the leprosy lesions are impaired in their antimicrobial activity due to their interaction with infected leprosy bacilli, particularly cellular events through binding with and/or internalization of the pathogens, thereby causing the reduction in host resistance to ML pathogens...
September 2012: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22586949/-ghana-the-experience-in-the-land-highly-endemic-for-buruli-ulcer
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rie Yotsu
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 2012: Japanese Journal of Leprosy: Official Organ of the Japanese Leprosy Association
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