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Journals Journal of Experimental Psycho...

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38386405/the-relative-effectiveness-of-conditioning-one-or-two-attributes-to-a-brand
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Eckmann, Jan R Landwehr, Fabia Högden, Christian Unkelbach
Attribute conditioning refers to the phenomenon that target stimuli acquire specific attributes by pairing them with stimuli possessing these attributes. We apply attribute conditioning to a marketing context where brands are often displayed with stimuli possessing semantic attributes to establish brand-attribute associations. In particular, we examine whether it is more effective from a brand image perspective to associate a brand with only one attribute, two related attributes, or two unrelated attributes...
February 22, 2024: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358688/exemplar-learners-and-rule-learners-stable-tendencies-or-malleable-preferences
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Kyung Hong, Lisa K Fazio
When learning new concepts, students tend to use either exemplar-based learning strategies (e.g., memorizing specific examples) or rule-based learning strategies (e.g., abstracting general rules). Prior research suggests that participants' strategy choices during learning depend on individuals' preexisting learning tendencies, with some people being exemplar learners and others rule learners. Yet, strategy choices are also influenced by how the study materials are taught (rule-focused or exemplar-focused). The present study examined how these two factors interact using an alphanumeric symbol addition task...
February 15, 2024: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38376920/editorial
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melody Wiseheart
The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied has a new editor. This article describes the aim of the new editor which is for the journal to continue publishing studies that make strong theoretical advances while also having applied implications. The journal is expanding the scope of acceptable experimental research and will now accept correlational studies. This includes quasiexperimental designs as well as articles examining associations between variables. The article also details the journal's view on context and individual differences for different studies, the new open science category, and the preexternal review revisions...
March 2024: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38147048/out-of-sight-out-of-mind-when-and-how-perceived-vulnerability-decreases-foreseeability-and-responsibility-for-causing-harm-in-the-marketplace
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven Shepherd, Alysson E Light
Numerous social categories are often seen as vulnerable to harm. In the context of firms causing harm to individuals, we seek to better explain when and why observers absolve firms of responsibility as opposed to holding them more accountable. We propose that when someone's identity is thought to make them vulnerable to harm, identity visibility (how observable the identity is) and frequency (how common the identity is) influence the perceived foreseeability of a harmful event and firm responsibility. Across five studies (total N = 2,101), we find that when visibility and frequency are low, perceptions of foreseeability decrease, in turn decreasing firm responsibility...
December 25, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38127533/the-effects-of-summarization-and-factual-retrieval-practice-on-text-comprehension-and-text-retention-in-elementary-education
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
F H A Ophuis-Cox, L Rozendal, L Catrysse, D Joosten-Ten Brinke, G Camp
When reading a text in school, the goal is both text comprehension and text retention. We examined the effects of the learning strategies summarization and factual retrieval practice on third- and fourth-grade pupils' text comprehension and retention of factual knowledge from a text, using restudy as a control condition. The experiment was conducted in an authentic classroom setting, with teachers executing the experiment using original course materials. In 2016, 57 regular third- and fourth-grade pupils ( M = 9...
December 21, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38108800/resolving-problems-with-the-skill-retention-literature-an-empirical-demonstration-and-recommendations-for-researchers
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Phillip L Ackerman, Corey E Tatel
Questions about the degree of retention and decay for procedural skills, once acquired but not used for a period of time, have been raised repeatedly in basic and applied research. Despite widespread interest and numerous empirical investigations, definitive answers to the question "How much skill is retained after a period of disuse?" remain elusive. Shortcomings with the literature were identified that limit the ability of researchers to develop models of skill decay for various tasks, including medical/health care, military, sports, and other applications...
December 18, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38108799/better-to-bend-than-to-break-effects-of-rule-behavior-on-dominance-prestige-and-leadership-granting
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Astrid C Homan, Florian Wanders, Annelies E M van Vianen, Gerben A van Kleef
How people handle rules can influence their social standing in the eyes of others, including their appeal as leaders. It stands to reason that people prefer to grant leadership to individuals who follow rather than break the rules. However, preferences for rule abiders are less evident than one might expect. To enhance understanding of people's responses to (counter)normative behavior, we (a) introduce the concept of rule bending -behavior that infringes a rule without technically breaking it-and (b) draw on the dominance/prestige framework of social rank to illuminate the underlying processes that drive responses to such behavior...
December 18, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38095958/finding-your-roots-do-dna-ancestry-tests-increase-racial-in-tolerance
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sasha Y Kimel, Kinga M Bierwiaczonek, Milan Obaidi, Anita Foeman, Bessie Lawton, James Sidanius, Jonas R Kunst
While it is often assumed that Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ancestry results illuminate one's true racial or ethnic lineage, the consequence of this inference remains largely unknown. This leaves two conflictual hypotheses largely untested: Do DNA ancestry tests increase racial tolerance or, alternatively, racial intolerance? Two multiwave experiments aimed to test these hypotheses using either real or bogus DNA ancestry results in combination with random assignment and a tightly controlled repeated-measurements experimental design...
December 14, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37971874/the-role-of-controllability-resources-and-effort-in-reducing-prejudice-against-unmarried-mothers
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doo Syen Kang
The term "unmarried" mothers is widely used in South Korea to indicate that carrying a baby without marriage is not culturally acceptable. A societal stigma, which single mothers experience, causes more abortion and doubles the burden of parenting alone. This study aimed to identify what type of information (onset/before pregnancy controllability, offset/after pregnancy ability and effort) contributes to reducing stigmatization toward unmarried mothers. The findings showed that offset effort information has a robust impact on participants' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses toward mothers of newborns out of wedlock across the three studies (n = 275; n = 266; n = 227, respectively) with different targets (a minor and an adult of 25 years old) and different participants (college students and adults above 30 years old)...
November 16, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37917452/market-mindset-can-increase-allocations-in-the-trust-game-through-proportional-thinking
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna O Kuzminska, Agata Gasiorowska, Anna M Hełka, Tomasz Zaleskiewicz
Prior research has demonstrated that adopting the market mindset hinders interpersonal trust. In the present work, we show that this effect is not universal, as trust can rise when people with the market mindset perceive the situation as resembling market-pricing principles. We start by showing that the Trust Game represents an interaction that people perceive as being more similar to market-pricing relationships rather than to communal-sharing relationships (pilot study; N = 114). In a series of three experiments, we then demonstrate that (a) compared to controls, participants with the market mindset make larger allocations in the Trust Game (Experiment 1; N = 131), (b) this effect is mediated by the motivation to use proportional thinking (preregistered Experiment 2; N = 581), and (c) compared to controls, people with the market mindset are more sensitive to proportions-their allocations in the Trust Game are significantly higher when multiplied by 4 compared to when multiplied by 2 (preregistered Experiment 3; N = 931)...
November 2, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37902697/moral-paragons-but-crummy-friends-the-case-of-snitching
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zachariah Berry, Ike Silver, Alex Shaw
Loyalty to friends is an important moral value, but does that mean snitching on friends is considered immoral? Across six preregistered studies, we examine how loyalty obligations impact people's moral evaluations of snitching (i.e., turning in others who commit transgressions). In vignette and incentivized partner choice paradigms, we find that witnesses who snitch (vs. do not snitch) are seen as more moral and as better leaders (Studies 1-6), regardless of whether they snitch on a friend or an acquaintance (Studies 1-3)...
October 30, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37902696/scientists-speak-up-source-impacts-trust-in-health-advice-across-five-countries
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natalia Zarzeczna, Paul H P Hanel, Bastiaan T Rutjens, Suzanna A Bono, Yi-Hua Chen, Geoffrey Haddock
We examined how different types of communication influence people's responses to health advice. We tested whether presenting COVID-19 prevention advice (e.g., washing hands/distancing) as either originating from a government or scientific source would affect people's trust in and intentions to comply with the advice. We also manipulated uncertainty in communicating the advice effectiveness. To achieve this, we conducted an experiment using large samples of participants ( N = 4,561) from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Malaysia, and Taiwan...
October 30, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37902695/weighting-ratings-are-people-adjusting-for-bias-in-extreme-reviews
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neel Ocean
The increasing importance of consumer ratings raises the question of whether people adjust for potentially fake or biased extreme opinions when judging products. Two studies tested treatments that trimmed the extremes of rating distributions. Neither removing extreme ratings while preserving the mean, nor flagging suspicious extreme ratings, nor priming individuals about review manipulation significantly affect judged product quality on average. However, judgments for specific distributions may be made less extreme by flagging or trimming...
October 30, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37902694/us-versus-them-the-role-of-national-identity-in-the-formation-of-false-memories-for-fake-news
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Treasa Delaney, Laura Castillo, Maximillian A Friehs, Benjamin Buttlar, Ciara M Greene
People are prone to forming false memories for fictitious events described in fake news stories. In this preregistered study, we hypothesized that the formation of false memories may be promoted when the fake news includes stereotypes that reflect positively on one's own nationality or negatively on another nationality. We exposed German and Irish participants ( N = 1,184) to fabricated news stories that were consistent with positive or negative stereotypes about Germany and Ireland. The predicted three-way interaction was not observed...
October 30, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37796571/stereotypes-and-emotions-as-moderators-of-risk-and-race-in-judgments-about-juvenile-probationers
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taylor Petty, Richard L Wiener
Little research has explored the psychological mechanisms underlying racial disparities in the juvenile justice system. In Phase 1, of our mock officer paradigm, participants completed a stereotype content model survey comparing ratings of warmth and competence between juvenile delinquents and other social categories. In Phase 2, participants reviewed a predisposition investigation and made predictions about offender dangerousness and adherence to probation. Randomly assigned to experience fear, anger, or a neutral emotion, participants reviewed either a Black or White juvenile with no risk information versus low-, moderate-, or high-risk information...
October 5, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37676168/racial-bias-in-perceptions-of-children-s-pain
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin M Summers, Shane Pitts, E Paige Lloyd
Across eight experiments, we investigated whether adult perceivers (both lay perceivers and elementary school teachers) evaluate children's pain differently depending on the child's race. We found evidence that adults varying in racial and ethnic identities (but primarily White) believed 4- to 6-year-old Black children felt less pain than 4- to 6-year-old White children (Experiments 1-7), and this effect was not moderated by child sex (Experiments 6-7). We also examined perceptions of life hardship as a mediator of this race-to-pain effect, finding that adults evaluated Black children as having lived harder lives and thus as feeling less pain than White children (Experiments 1-3)...
September 7, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37676167/speeding-lectures-to-make-time-for-retrieval-practice-can-we-improve-the-efficiency-of-interpolated-testing
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evan F Risko, Junwen Liu, Laura Bianchi
Testing is increasingly recognized as an important tool in learning. One form of testing often used in lectures, particularly recorded lectures, is interpolated testing wherein tests are interspersed throughout the lecture. Like testing in general, interpolated testing appears to benefit performance on content tests among other outcome variables (e.g., mind wandering). While beneficial, adding testing also increases instructional time. In the present investigation, we examine one strategy to mitigate the costs of this increase in instructional time in the context of recorded lectures...
September 7, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37668582/disentangling-the-effects-of-message-content-and-message-sharer-on-students-views-of-political-misinformation
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eva M Janssen, Tamara van Gog
A consistent finding in fake news research is that people are more likely to believe content in favor of their political views. Unclear, however, is whether this political bias is moderated by contextual effects, such as politicians sharing content on their social media accounts. The present study investigated how both message content and sharer affect views of political misinformation. Participants ( N = 164) evaluated eight news messages. Message content (pro-left/pro-right misinformation) and sharer (left-wing/right-wing/unknown politician) were manipulated within subjects...
September 4, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37668581/the-effects-of-generating-examples-on-comprehension-and-metacomprehension
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tricia A Guerrero, Thomas D Griffin, Jennifer Wiley
Teachers and students often report using examples to support learning. Research has shown benefits of viewing provided examples and generating examples during declarative concept learning; however, there is less work showing clear benefits when learners generate their own examples on comprehension measures while students are attempting to learn from expository science texts. The present study tested whether generating examples would be useful for improving comprehension and comprehension monitoring in the context of an undergraduate science course...
September 4, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37650793/interactive-crowdsourcing-to-fact-check-politicians
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Santos Espina Mairal, Florencia Bustos, Guillermo Solovey, Joaquín Navajas
The discourse of political leaders often contains false information that can misguide the public. Fact-checking agencies around the world try to reduce the negative influence of politicians by verifying their words. However, these agencies face a problem of scalability and require innovative solutions to deal with their growing amount of work. While the previous studies have shown that crowdsourcing is a promising approach to fact-check news in a scalable manner, it remains unclear whether crowdsourced judgements are useful to verify the speech of politicians...
August 31, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
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