journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37910197/the-many-faces-of-the-megakaryocytes-and-their-biological-implications
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen Guo, Kellie R Machlus, Virginia Camacho
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed transcriptional heterogeneity within the megakaryocytic lineage and the identified unique subsets. In this review, we discuss the functional and phenotypic plasticity of these subpopulations as well as the impacts on health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Megakaryocytes (MKs) can be transcriptionally categorized into platelet generating, niche supporting, immune, and cycling cells, which are distinguished by their unique gene expression patterns and cellular markers...
November 2, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37526945/new-insights-into-the-glycobiology-of-immune-thrombocytopenia
#22
REVIEW
Katherine H Tiemeyer, David J Kuter, Christopher W Cairo, Marie A Hollenhorst
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The platelet surface harbors a lush forest of glycans (carbohydrate polymers) attached to membrane proteins and lipids. Accumulating evidence suggests that these glycans may be relevant to the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Here, we critically evaluate data that point to a possible role for loss of sialic acid in driving platelet clearance in ITP, comment on the potential use of neuraminidase inhibitors for treatment of ITP, and highlight open questions in this area...
November 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37497853/warm-autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia-new-insights-and-hypotheses
#23
REVIEW
Donald R Branch
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) is the most common of the immune hemolytic anemias. Although there are numerous case reports and reviews regarding this condition, some of the unusual and more recent findings have not been fully defined and may be contentious. This review will provide insight into the common specificity of the warm autoantibodies and hypothesize a novel mechanism of wAIHA, that is proposed to be linked to the controversial subject of red blood cell senescence...
November 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37905750/platelet-lifespan-and-mechanisms-for-clearance
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olga An, Carsten Deppermann
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Activated or aged platelets are removed from circulation under (patho)physiologic conditions, the exact mechanism of platelet clearance under such conditions remains unclear and are currently being investigated. This review focuses on recent findings and controversies regarding platelet clearance and the disruption of platelet life cycle. RECENT FINDINGS: The platelet life span is determined by glycosylation of platelet surface receptors with sialic acid...
October 31, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37846561/platelet-mechanosensing-as-key-to-understanding-platelet-function
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ingmar Schoen, Martin Kenny, Smita Patil
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights how the perception of platelet function is evolving based on recent insights into platelet mechanobiology. RECENT FINDINGS: The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 mediates activation of free-flowing platelets under conditions of flow acceleration through mechanisms independent of adhesion receptors and classical activation pathways. Interference with the initiation of platelet migration or with the phenotypic switch of migrating platelets to a procoagulant state aggravates inflammatory bleeding...
October 17, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37823547/modelling-arterial-thrombus-formation-in-vitro
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amelia Drysdale, Azziza Zaabalawi, Sarah Jones
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Models of arterial thrombus formation represent a vital experimental tool to investigate platelet function and test novel antithrombotic drugs. This review highlights some of the recent advances in modelling thrombus formation in vitro and suggests potential future directions. RECENT FINDINGS: Microfluidic devices and the availability of commercial chips in addition to enhanced accessibility of 3D printing has facilitated a rapid surge in the development of novel in vitro thrombosis models...
October 13, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37694771/factor-xi-as-a-therapeutic-target-in-neuroinflammatory-disease
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Berk Taskin, Tia C L Kohs, Joseph J Shatzel, Cristina Puy, Owen J T McCarty
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic options for treatment of multiple sclerosis, a common neuronal demyelinating disorder affecting 2.2 million people worldwide. As an autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis is associated with neuroinflammation and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), although the cause linking multiple sclerosis with compromised barrier function remains ill-defined. It has been previously shown that coagulation factors, including thrombin and fibrin, exacerbate the inflammatory processes and permeability of the BBB...
September 6, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37694765/mixed-donor-chimerism-following-stem-cell-transplantation-for-sickle-cell-disease
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Niketa C Shah, Hemalatha G Rangarajan, Alexander Ngwube, Shalini Shenoy
Sickle cell disease is a debilitating hemoglobinopathy with high morbidity and mortality. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is curative, but the presence of mixed donor/recipient chimerism post-HCT raises concerns about disease control long-term. Mixed donor/recipient chimerism is reported in significant numbers even after aggressive HCT conditioning regimens. Post-HCT, adequacy of donor erythropoiesis is crucial for disease control. This review explores the relationship between mixed donor/recipient chimerism and outcomes post-HCT...
September 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37522480/tissue-factor-positive-microparticles-as-a-biomarker-for-increased-risk-of-breast-cancer-associated-thrombosis-a-mini-review
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Regan Bucciol, Maha Othman
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), such as venous thromboembolism (VTE), is a frequent complication in cancer patients, resulting in poor prognosis. Breast cancer is not highly thrombogenic but is highly prevalent, resulting in increased VTE cases. Many cancers express tissue factor (TF), a glycoprotein that triggers coagulation. The cancer cells were shown to express and release substantial amounts of TF-positive microparticles (MPTF), associated with a prothrombotic state...
September 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37522479/switching-and-increasing-prophylaxis-regimen-with-a-genetically-recombinant-fusion-of-coagulation-factor-ix-and-albumin-in-haemophilia-b-a-case-report
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
María Teresa Álvarez-Román, Raquel Díaz Merchán, Roberto Carlos Raynero Mellado, Victor Jiménez-Yuste
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We present a case of a boy diagnosed in 2007 with severe haemophilia B [factor IX (FIX) concentration < 1%] at age of 9 months. He was initially treated with recombinant FIX concentrates, but changes in regimens were frequent due to spontaneous hemarthros. In 2013, he entered a phase III trial (NCT01662531) and received rIX-FP, IDELVION at 50 IU/kg once a week. Although the boy was safely maintained with this regimen (2015-2017), the number of hemarthros increased after he started to play football...
September 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37522478/editorial-introduction
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37462409/the-invisible-string-of-coagulation-complement-iron-and-inflammation-in-sickle-cell-disease
#32
REVIEW
Joan D Beckman, Erica M Sparkenbaugh
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides an update on recent advances in mechanistic studies of thromboinflammatory mechanisms that contribute to the disease pathology in sickle cell disease (SCD). There is a focus on novel pathways, clinical relevance, and translational potential of these findings. We hope to encourage more advances in this area to reduce organ damage in young patients prior to gene therapy, and to serve the aging SCD patient population. RECENT FINDINGS: Novel insights into the roles of neutrophils, the ADAMTS-13/VWF axis, oxidative stress, and the intrinsic coagulation cascade, as well as relevant clinical trials, are discussed...
September 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37459354/platelet-mitochondria-the-mighty-few
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abigail Ajanel, Robert A Campbell, Frederik Denorme
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction is both caused by, as well as a source of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a key hallmark of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and diabetes, which are known to have higher risks for thrombotic complications. RECENT FINDINGS: Increasing evidence supports a critical role for platelet mitochondria beyond energy production and apoptosis. Mitochondria are key regulators of reactive oxygen species and procoagulant platelets, which both contribute to pathological thrombosis...
September 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37459301/in-vivo-functions-and-regulation-of-polyphosphate-in-the-vascular-system
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wen-Chan Huang, Reiner K Mailer, Thomas Renné
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Polyphosphate, an inorganic polymer consisting of linearly linked phosphate subunits, is ubiquitously found in living organisms. Functions and regulation of the polymer have been analyzed in plants, bacteria and yeast; however, the roles of polyphosphate in mammals are still emerging. RECENT FINDINGS: In contrast to synthetic polyphosphate that has been extensively utilized in ex-vivo studies, natural polyphosphate is complexed with bivalent cations (mostly Ca 2+ ) and regardless of chain length, forms microparticles that are retained on the surface of procoagulant platelets, platelet-derived microparticles and cancer extracellular vesicles...
September 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37603711/the-immunology-of-pf4-polyanion-interactions
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anh T P Ngo, Veronica Bochenek, Kandace Gollomp
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Platelet factor 4 (PF4, CXCL4), the most abundant α-granule platelet-specific chemokine, forms tetramers with an equatorial ring of high positive charge that bind to a wide range of polyanions, after which it changes conformation to expose antigenic epitopes. Antibodies directed against PF4 not only help to clear infection but can also lead to the development of thrombotic disorders such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT)...
August 22, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37594015/novel-approaches-to-measure-transfusion-effectiveness
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marianne Elaine McPherson Yee, Ross M Fasano
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review encompasses different considerations of transfusion effectiveness based upon clinical scenario and transfusion indication. Tissue oxygenation, cerebral metabolic oxygen use, and red blood cell (RBC) survival are important elements of transfusion effectiveness in individuals with acute and chronic transfusion requirements. RECENT FINDINGS: Noninvasive measures of tissue and cerebral oxygen extraction include near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and specialized MRI sequences...
August 21, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37548370/red-cell-extracellular-vesicles-and-coagulation-activation-pathways
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Denis F Noubouossie, Nigel S Key
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are the most commonly transfused blood products. Preparation of PRBCs requires blood collection from donors, processing, and storage prior to transfusion to recipients. Stored red blood cells (RBCs) undergo structural and metabolic changes collectively known as the storage lesion. RBC extracellular vesicles (sREVs) are released in PRBC units during storage, and are transfused along with intact RBCs into recipients. For several decades, extracellular vesicles have been the focus of intense research, leading to the discovery of a wide variety of endogenous biological properties that may impact numerous physiologic and/or pathologic pathways...
August 3, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37548363/inflammation-and-bone-marrow-fibrosis-novel-immunotherapeutic-targets
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesca Rossella Calledda, Alessandro Malara, Alessandra Balduini
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Myelofibrosis (MF) is primarily driven by constitutive activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer of activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. While JAK inhibitors have shown to alleviate disease symptoms, their disease-modifying effects in MF are limited. The only curative treatment remains allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which can be applied to a minority of patients. As a result, there is a need to explore novel targets in MF to facilitate appropriate drug development and therapeutic pathways...
August 3, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37254856/chediak-higashi-syndrome
#39
REVIEW
Mackenzie L Talbert, May Christine V Malicdan, Wendy J Introne
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital immunodeficiency, bleeding diathesis, pyogenic infection, partial oculocutaneous albinism, and progressive neurodegeneration. Treatment is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation; however, this does not treat the neurologic aspect of the disease. Mutations in the lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) gene were identified to be causative of Chediak-Higashi, but despite many analyses, there is little functional information about the LYST protein...
July 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37254855/the-impact-of-prenatal-inflammation-on-hematopoietic-development
#40
REVIEW
Nicole A Tseng, Anna E Beaudin
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Inflammation is now recognized as a major regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Adult hematopoietic stem cells can adaptively modulate hematopoietic output in direct response to acute infection and inflammation. Conversely, prolonged exposure to inflammation can drive impaired HSC function, clonal expansion, and malignant transformation. As compared with adult hematopoiesis, the effects of prenatal inflammation on developing hematopoietic stem cells are understudied...
July 1, 2023: Current Opinion in Hematology
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