journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493182/an-equine-ipsc-based-phenotypic-screening-platform-identifies-pro-and-anti-viral-molecules-against-west-nile-virus
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marielle Cochet, François Piumi, Kamila Gorna, Noémie Berry, Gaëlle Gonzalez, Anne Danckaert, Nathalie Aulner, Odile Blanchet, Stéphan Zientara, Francesc Xavier Donadeu, Hélène Munier-Lehmann, Jennifer Richardson, Alexandra Benchoua, Muriel Coulpier
Outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) occur periodically, affecting both human and equine populations. There are no vaccines for humans, and those commercialised for horses do not have sufficient coverage. Specific antiviral treatments do not exist. Many drug discovery studies have been conducted, but since rodent or primate cell lines are normally used, results cannot always be transposed to horses. There is thus a need to develop relevant equine cellular models. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cells to develop a new in vitro model of WNV-infected equine brain cells suitable for microplate assay, and assessed the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of forty-one chemical compounds...
March 16, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493160/construction-of-recombinant-fluorescent-lsdv-for-high-throughput-screening-of-antiviral-drugs
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingyu Wang, Jinzhao Ji, Yongcheng Zhong, Wenxin Meng, Shaobin Wan, Xiaoqing Ding, Zihan Chen, Weiyong Wu, Kun Jia, Shoujun Li
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection is a major socio-economic issue that seriously threatens the global cattle-farming industry. Here, a recombinant virus LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP, expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), was constructed with a homologous recombination system and applied to the high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs. LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP replicates in various kidney cell lines, consistent with wild-type LSDV. The cytopathic effect, viral particle morphology, and growth performance of LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP are consistent with those of wild-type LSDV...
March 16, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493147/pasteurella-multocida-activates-rassf1-hippo-yap-pathway-to-induce-pulmonary-epithelial-apoptosis
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guangfu Zhao, Yunhan Tang, Xiongli Liu, Pan Li, Tianci Zhang, Nengzhang Li, Fang He, Yuanyi Peng
Pasteurella multocida is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen that primarily causes fatal respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia and respiratory syndromes. However, the precise mechanistic understanding of how P. multocida disrupts the epithelial barrier in mammalian lung remains largely unknown. In this study, using unbiased RNA-seq analysis, we found that the evolutionarily conserved Hippo-Yap pathway was dysregulated after P. multocida infection. Given the complexity of P. multocida infection associated with lung injury and systemic inflammatory processes, we employed a combination of cell culture models, mouse models, and rabbit models to investigate the dynamics of the Hippo-Yap pathway during P...
March 16, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493126/correction-comparative-analysis-of%C3%A2-the%C3%A2-interactions-of%C3%A2-different-streptococcus-suis-strains-with%C3%A2-monocytes-granulocytes-and%C3%A2-the%C3%A2-complement-system-in%C3%A2-porcine-blood
#4
Haodan Zhu, Uwe Müller, Christoph Georg Baums, Sophie Öhlmann
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 16, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493107/a-matter-of-differentiation-equine-enteroids-as-a-model-for-the-in-vivo-intestinal-epithelium
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Windhaber, Anna Heckl, Georg Csukovich, Barbara Pratscher, Iwan Anton Burgener, Nora Biermann, Franziska Dengler
Epithelial damage due to gastrointestinal disorders frequently causes severe disease in horses. To study the underlying pathophysiological processes, we aimed to establish equine jejunum and colon enteroids (eqJE, eqCE) mimicking the in vivo epithelium. Therefore, enteroids were cultivated in four different media for differentiation and subsequently characterized histomorphologically, on mRNA and on protein level in comparison to the native epithelium of the same donor horses to identify ideal culture conditions for an in vitro model system...
March 16, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38449049/a-chimeric-porcine-reproductive-and-respiratory-syndrome-virus-1-strain-containing-synthetic-orf2-6-genes-can-trigger-t-follicular-helper-cell-and-heterologous-neutralizing-antibody-responses-and-confer-enhanced-cross-protection
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shubin Li, Ming Qiu, Shuai Li, Chen Li, Hong Lin, Yuejia Qiu, Wenhao Qi, Binghui Feng, Meng Cui, Shuai Yang, Wanglong Zheng, Shaobin Shang, Kegong Tian, Jianzhong Zhu, Yu Lu, Nanhua Chen
The prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) isolates has continued to increase in Chinese swine herds in recent years. However, no effective control strategy is available for PRRSV1 infection in China. In this study, we generated the first infectious cDNA clone (rHLJB1) of a Chinese PRRSV1 isolate and subsequently used it as a backbone to construct an ORF2-6 chimeric virus (ORF2-6-CON). This virus contained a synthesized consensus sequence of the PRRSV1 ORF2-6 gene encoding all the envelope proteins...
March 6, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38443986/non-cytopathic-bovine-viral-diarrhea-virus-bvdv-inhibits-innate-immune-responses-via-induction-of-mitophagy
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhijun Li, Ying Zhang, Bao Zhao, Qinghong Xue, Chunjiang Wang, Siyu Wan, Jingyu Wang, Xiwen Chen, Xuefeng Qi
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. Mitophagy plays important roles in virus-host interactions. Here, we provide evidence that non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV shifts the balance of mitochondrial dynamics toward fission and induces mitophagy to inhibit innate immune responses. Mechanistically, NCP BVDV triggers the translocation of dynamin-related protein (Drp1) to mitochondria and stimulates its phosphorylation at Ser616, leading to mitochondrial fission...
March 5, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414065/molecular-mechanism-of-bovine-gasdermin-d-mediated-pyroptosis
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhendong Ge, Jinxia Xu, Ke Yang, Longjian Wu, Shan Chen, Biao Chen, Jiangyao Tian, Jinpeng Zhang, Ahui Xu, Bei Huang, Houhui Song, Yang Yang
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by cell swelling, pore formation in the plasma membrane, lysis, and releases of cytoplasmic contents. To date, the molecular mechanism of human and murine Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis have been fully investigated. However, studies focusing on molecular mechanism of bovine Gasdermin D (bGSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and its function against pathogenic infection were unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that bovine caspase-1 (bCaspase-1) cleaves bGSDMD at amino acid residue D277 to produce an N-terminal fragment (bGSDMD-p30) which leads to pyroptosis...
February 27, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414039/equine-enteroid-derived-monolayers-recapitulate-key-features-of-parasitic-intestinal-nematode-infection
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stina Hellman, Frida Martin, Eva Tydén, Mikael E Sellin, Albin Norman, Bernt Hjertner, Pia Svedberg, Caroline Fossum
Stem cell-derived organoid cultures have emerged as attractive experimental models for infection biology research regarding various types of gastro-intestinal pathogens and host species. However, the large size of infectious nematode larvae and the closed structure of 3-dimensional organoids often hinder studies of the natural route of infection. To enable easy administration to the apical surface of the epithelium, organoids from the equine small intestine, i.e. enteroids, were used in the present study to establish epithelial monolayer cultures...
February 27, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38395920/new-threats-in-the-recovery-of-large-carnivores-inhabiting-human-modified-landscapes-the-case-of-the-cantabrian-brown-bear-ursus-arctos
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Balseiro, Gloria Herrero-García, Juan Francisco García Marín, Ramón Balsera, Juana María Monasterio, David Cubero, Gabriel de Pedro, Álvaro Oleaga, Alberto García-Rodríguez, Israel Espinoza, Benjamín Rabanal, Gorka Aduriz, José Tuñón, Christian Gortázar, Luis José Royo
Understanding mortality causes is important for the conservation of endangered species, especially in small and isolated populations inhabiting anthropized landscapes where both natural and human-caused mortality may hinder the conservation of these species. We investigated the mortality causes of 53 free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) found dead between 1998 and 2023 in the Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain), a highly human-modified region where bears are currently recovering after being critically threatened in the last century...
February 23, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38374131/molecular-basis-for-the-different-pcv2-susceptibility-of-t-lymphoblasts-in-landrace-and-pi%C3%A3-train-pigs
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yueling Ouyang, Hans J Nauwynck
Clinically, Landrace pigs are more susceptible to porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs) than Piétrain pigs. We previously found that porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can infect T-lymphoblasts. The present study examined the replication kinetics of six PCV2 strains in the lymphoblasts of Landrace and Piétrain pigs. The results showed that T-lymphoblasts from Landrace pigs are much more susceptible to PCV2 infection than those from Piétrain pigs. In addition, PCV2 replication was strain-dependent...
February 19, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38374082/variation-in-the-affinity-of-three-representative-avian-adenoviruses-for-the-cellular-coxsackievirus-and-adenovirus-receptor
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yapeng Song, Mingyue Tao, Lin Liu, Yang Wang, Zhenchao Zhao, Zongmei Huang, Wenming Gao, Qiang Wei, Xinsheng Li
According to previous studies, three representative avian adenoviral strains utilize coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a receptor and seem to exhibit diverse binding affinities and modes. Thus, further revealing the exact molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between different FAdVs and the attachment receptor CAR is necessary. In this study, we successfully solved the crystal structure of the FAdV-4 fiber1 knob at 1.6 Å resolution. The interaction between the fibre knob and different domains of CAR was verified by confocal microscopy, coimmunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis...
February 19, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38365748/genomic-characteristics-of-cfr-and-fexa-carrying-staphylococcus-aureus-isolated-from-pig-carcasses-in-korea
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eiseul Kim, Seung-Min Yang, Hyo-Sun Kwak, Bo-Youn Moon, Suk-Kyung Lim, Hae-Yeong Kim
The emergence of transferable linezolid resistance genes poses significant challenges to public health, as it does not only confer linezolid resistance but also reduces susceptibility to florfenicol, which is widely used in the veterinary field. This study evaluated the genetic characteristics of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses and further clarified potential resistance and virulence mechanisms in a newly identified sequence type. Of more than 2500 strains isolated in a prior study, 15 isolated from pig carcasses exhibited linezolid resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 8 mg/L)...
February 16, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38365712/effects-of-topical-application-of-resveratrol-on-tight-junction-barrier-and-antimicrobial-compound-production-in-lactating-goat-mammary-glands
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yusaku Tsugami, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Isobe
In mammary glands, the formation of less-permeable tight junctions (TJs) and the production of antimicrobial compounds like lactoferrin and defensins are important for preventing mastitis. Resveratrol, a polyphenol contained in red grapes, is known to protect mammary epithelial cells (MECs) from oxidative stress; however, oral administration of resveratrol causes a decrease in certain biological processes through conjugation and metabolic conversion. In this study, we determined the beneficial effects of resveratrol on TJs and antimicrobial compounds in cultured goat MECs by adding it to the medium, and in lactating goat mammary glands by topical application for percutaneous absorption...
February 16, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38360700/characterizing-the-detection-of-inactivated-mycoplasma-hyopneumoniae-dna-in-the-respiratory-tract-of-pigs
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Albert Canturri, Maria Pieters
A positive Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae PCR result in a clinical specimen may eventually represent the mere detection of non-viable bacteria, complicating the diagnostic interpretation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the PCR detection of non-viable M. hyopneumoniae and its residual cell-free DNA in live pigs. Pigs were inoculated with either active or inactivated M. hyopneumoniae and were sampled for up to 14 days. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was not detected by PCR at any timepoint in pigs inoculated with the inactivated bacterium, suggesting that in healthy pigs, the non-viable M...
February 15, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38351086/temperature-impacts-the-bovine-ex-vivo-immune-response-towards-mycoplasmopsis-bovis
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Démoulins, Thatcha Yimthin, Dorothea Lindtke, Lukas Eggerschwiler, Raphael Siegenthaler, Fabien Labroussaa, Joerg Jores
Although cattle are the mammalian species with most global biomass associated with a huge impact on our planet, their immune system remains poorly understood. Notably, the bovine immune system has peculiarities such as an overrepresentation of γδ T cells that requires particular attention, specifically in an infectious context. In line of 3R principles, we developed an ex vivo platform to dissect host-pathogen interactions. The experimental design was based on two independent complementary readouts: firstly, a novel 12-14 color multiparameter flow cytometry assay measuring maturation (modulation of cell surface marker expression) and activation (intracellular cytokine detection) of monocytes, conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells, γδ T cells, B and T cells; secondly, a multiplex immunoassay monitoring bovine chemokine and cytokine secretion levels...
February 13, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38321502/characterization-of-pig-tonsils-as-niches-for-the-generation-of%C3%A2-streptococcus-suis%C3%A2-diversity
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kai Kobayashi, Hiroaki Kubota, Mari Tohya, Megumi Ushikubo, Miki Yamamoto, Tsukasa Ariyoshi, Yumi Uchitani, Morika Mitobe, Rumi Okuno, Ichiro Nakagawa, Tsutomu Sekizaki, Jun Suzuki, Kenji Sadamasu
Streptococcus suis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other disorders in pigs and humans. We obtained 42 and 50 S. suis isolates from lesions of porcine endocarditis and palatine tonsils, respectively, of clinically healthy pigs in Japan; we then determined their sequence types (STs) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), cps genotypes, serotypes, and presence of classical major virulence-associated marker genes (mrp, epf, and sly). The 42 isolates from endocarditis lesions were assigned to a limited number of STs and clonal complexes (CCs)...
February 6, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38317258/comparative-analysis-of-the-interactions-of-different-streptococcus-suis-strains-with-monocytes-granulocytes-and-the-complement-system-in-porcine-blood
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haodan Zhu, Uwe Müller, Christoph Georg Baums, Sophie Öhlmann
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen causing meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. Serotypes 2 and 14 are the most common zoonotic ones worldwide, whereas serotypes 2, 9, and 7 are very important in pigs in Europe. To cause invasive infections S. suis needs to enter the bloodstream. Consequently, the immune response in blood represents an important line of defense and bacteremia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of invasive S. suis infections. We investigated the working hypothesis that S...
February 5, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38317245/use-of-live-attenuated-recombinant-newcastle-disease-virus-carrying-avian-paramyxovirus-2-hn-and-f-protein-genes-to-enhance-immune-responses-against-species-a-rotavirus-vp6-protein
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rofaida Mostafa Soliman, Keisuke Nishioka, Fumi Murakoshi, Takaaki Nakaya
Numerous infectious diseases in cattle lead to reductions in body weight, milk production, and reproductive performance. Cattle are primarily vaccinated using inactivated vaccines due to their increased safety. However, inactivated vaccines generally result in weaker immunity compared with live attenuated vaccines, which may be insufficient in certain cases. Over the last few decades, there has been extensive research on the use of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a live vaccine vector for economically significant livestock diseases...
February 5, 2024: Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38317242/the-role-of-helicobacter-suis-fusobacterium-gastrosuis-and-the-pars-oesophageal-microbiota-in-gastric-ulceration-in-slaughter-pigs-receiving-meal-or-pelleted-feed
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Taillieu, Steff Taelman, Sofie De Bruyckere, Evy Goossens, Ilias Chantziaras, Christophe Van Steenkiste, Peter Yde, Steven Hanssens, Dimitri De Meyer, Wim Van Criekinge, Michiel Stock, Dominiek Maes, Koen Chiers, Freddy Haesebrouck
This study investigated the role of causative infectious agents in ulceration of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach (pars oesophagea). In total, 150 stomachs from slaughter pigs were included, 75 from pigs that received a meal feed, 75 from pigs that received an equivalent pelleted feed with a smaller particle size. The pars oesophagea was macroscopically examined after slaughter. (q)PCR assays for H. suis, F. gastrosuis and H. pylori-like organisms were performed, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing for pars oesophagea microbiome analyses...
February 5, 2024: Veterinary Research
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