Health & Social Care in the Community

Many cities across the United States are experiencing homelessness at crisis levels, including rises in the numbers of unhoused emerging adults (18-25). Emerging adults experiencing homelessness may be at higher risk of experiencing negative outcomes, given that being unhoused increases risk for a variety of behaviors. To better understand the current living circumstances of emerging adults with a history of homelessness, as well as their perceptions about associations between housing stability and quality of life (QOL), we conducted 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews with individuals recruited from drop-in centers for youth experiencing homelessness...

Legal problems can be cause and consequence of ill-health and homelessness, necessitating efforts to integrate responses to these challenges. How to respond to legal issues within the context of health services for people who are homeless is though unclear. Groundswell piloted providing legal support to peer advocates (who have current or past experience of homelessness) and clients currently homeless in addition to their health-focused work. A participatory action-research design evaluated the emerging programme...

The effect of Reablement, a multi-faceted intervention is unclear, specifically, which interventions improve outcomes. This Systematic Review evaluates randomised controlled trials (RCTs) describing Reablement investigating the population, interventions, who delivered them, the effect and sustainability of outcomes. Database search from inception to August 2021 included AMED, ASSIA, BNI, CINHALL, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PUBMED, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov. Two researchers undertook data collection and quality assessment, following the PRISMA (2020) statement...

Domiciliary care workers (DCWs) continued to provide care to adults in their own homes throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on health outcomes of DCWs is currently mixed. The OSCAR study will quantify the impact of COVID-19 upon health outcomes of DCWs in Wales, explore causes of variation and extrapolate to the rest of the UK DCW population. An embedded qualitative study aimed to explore DCW experiences during the pandemic, including factors that may have varied risk of exposure to COVID-19 and adverse health and wellbeing outcomes...

Professional residential care providers face several stressors due to the burden of caring for dependent people. This burden may affect the way in which care is carried out. Resilience, as personal strengths, may help them to be more effective in their workplace and in their interaction with patients, and this may be related to the development of participation skills and prosocial behaviours. A total of 125 professional's caregivers from Spain responded to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Resilience Scale and the PB new Prosocial Conduct Scale over the years 2018 and 2019...

Fostering the growth, development, health, and wellbeing of children is a global priority. The early childhood period presents a critical window to influence lifelong trajectories, however urgent multisectoral action is needed to ensure that families are adequately supported to nurture their children's growth and development. With a shared vision to give every child the best start in life, thus helping them reach their full developmental potential, we have formed the International Healthy Eating Active Living Matters (HEALing Matters) Alliance...

People who are homeless are disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and by government responses to the pandemic. This study maps the perceptions of homelessness service workers in Australia, about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and government responses to it on people who are homeless. An electronic survey was distributed to homelessness service across Australia in June/July 2020, following Australia's 'first wave' of COVID-19. Fifty-nine homelessness services from all eight states/territories responded...

Community violence, particularly gun violence, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young people in the United States. Because persons experiencing violence-related injuries are likely to receive medical care through emergency departments, hospitals are increasingly seen as primary locations for violence intervention services. Currently, there is little research on how best to implement hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) across large hospital systems. This study explored the factors influencing the implementation of a multi-site HVIP using qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of 20 multidisciplinary stakeholders...

Understanding the experiences and perspectives of users of teletherapy living with a disability and working with them, offers the potential to improve its capacity to meet their requirements. Literature examining the effectiveness of interventions delivered via teletherapy often fail to explore the motivators and implementation needs of the users. The scoping review aimed to examine the research evidence addressing user perspectives of teletherapy in delivery of allied health interventions to the disability community...

Our study aimed to explore the impact of different home- and community-based service (HCBS) use patterns on older adults' physical function. The cohort data were drawn from two national datasets, the National Ten-Year Long-Term Care Plan 1.0 database and the National Health Insurance Program claims data. Participants were care recipients ages 65 and over, first evaluated and prescribed HCBS from 2010 through 2013 and evaluated again after 6 months (n = 32,392). Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups with different HCBS use patterns...

Providing higher-intensity unpaid care (higher care hours or care within the household) is associated with negative impacts on people's paid employment, mental health and well-being. The evidence of effects on physical health is mixed and carer's social and financial outcomes have been under-researched. The biggest evidence gap, however, is on how outcomes vary by factors other than type or level of care provision, in particular socio-demographic factors. Our study used two waves of data (2017/19 and 2018/2020) from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study for people aged 16 and older...

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) encourages but does not require medical schools to train students on LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, etc.…) care and education on transgender, gender-diverse and/or intersex care is particularly lacking. This study evaluated the efficacy of a patient-centred educational intervention co-developed and facilitated with transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) patient collaborators on students' knowledge of TGD healthcare needs, perceived value of TGD healthcare training and TGD healthcare competency...

As global population ageing persists, understanding older adults' capacity to navigate the financial and healthcare system is essential. This scoping review examines how the concept of financial health literacy (FHL) is described and measured in the existing literature, the factors that may affect it, and its potential outcomes in middle-aged and older adults. The review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) extension guidelines to synthesise the available evidence on this topic...

Social care Personal Assistants (PAs) are directly employed by individuals to assist with activities of daily living such as help or support with personal care, shopping, household tasks and community participation. This option is encouraged by UK public funding. In England, disabled people's support organisations initially offered assistance with such arrangements, although numbers doing this have declined. The Covid-19 pandemic provided the opportunity to ask those remaining organisations providing support for PA employers about their activities during this time and the questions being posed to them by PA employers...

The English National Overprescribing Review identified that older people often take eight or more medicines a day. The report recommended pharmacists in primary care should take responsibility for addressing polypharmacy. Overprescribing is a safety concern in care homes as approximately half of older care home residents are prescribed at least one medicine that is unnecessary or now harmful. This predisposes them to adverse outcomes including hospitalisation and mortality. Deprescribing is the planned activity of stopping or reducing a medicine that may no longer be appropriate...

Older people with mental health needs and dementia often face difficulties with daily living and community participation, requiring the intervention of social care services. However, cognitive and emotional needs often mean that mainstream support is not appropriate. In England, mental health support workers may attempt to address these concerns, to prevent mounting care needs and the potential for institutional care. Yet, their work has not been researched to identify good practices and to understand the mechanisms through which they engage older people...

Functional disabilities increase with ageing and limitations in daily living activities (ADLs) occurred as a consequence. Older people living at home may therefore become dependent on family members in managing activities in daily living. As the informal caregivers' role is known to be challenging, their experiences need to be explored to strengthen their new roles as family caregivers. This study aimed at exploring family caregivers' experiences of providing care for older people living at home with limited ADLs in Sri Lanka...

Debates over the value and contribution of community hospitals are hampered by a lack of empirical assessment of the experience of patients using these services. This paper presents findings from a study which included a focus on patient and family-carer experiences of community hospitals in England. We adopted a qualitative design involving nine case study hospitals. Data collection included interviews with patients (n = 60), carers (n = 28) and staff (n = 89). Through patients and carers highlighting the value of community hospitals feeling 'close to home', providing holistic and personalised care and supporting them through difficult transitions, the study confirms the importance of functional and interpersonal aspects of care, while also highlighting the importance of social and psychological aspects...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Community-based programmes can support healthcare systems by delivering preventive services and health promotion. This study aimed to determine the nature, range, and extent of theoretical models that guide the development of linkages between healthcare settings and community programmes. A scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA-ScR was conducted. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched on August 8, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened articles by title and abstract and divided the remaining articles for full-text screening...