Cytokine

BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence revealed that an imbalance of Gut Microbiota (GM) leads to metabolic disorders. Synbiotics through regulation of GM composition can be an effective intervention in the management of metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of multi-species synbiotic supplementation on serum interleukin10 (IL-10) and fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in patients with dyslipidemia. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, fifty-six adult men with dyslipidemia were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups and received either synbiotic or placebo powder twice a day for 12 weeks...

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia (PE) are associated with disturbed maternal inflammatory response, oxidative stress and vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. Obesity is one of risk factors of PE. Leptin is elevated in obesity and its level correlates positively with the amount of adipose tissue. In contrast, adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity. Sirtuins are expressed in the placenta, however their role in pregnancy-related pathology in humans is not known...

Remitting-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and Neuro-Behçet Disease (NBD) are two chronic neuro-inflammatory disorders leading to brain damage and disability in young adults. Herein, we investigated in these patients the cytokine response by beads-based multiplex assays during the early stages of these disorders. Cytokine investigations were carried out on treatment-naive patients suffering from RRMS and NBD recruited at the first episode of clinical relapse. Our findings demonstrate that Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) cells from NBD patients, but not RRMS, secrete significant high levels of IL-22 which is associated with elevated IL-22 mRNA expression...

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by TNF-α, which increases fibroblast-like synoviocytes inflammation, resulting in cartilage destruction. The current work sought to comprehend the pathophysiological importance of TNF-α stimulation on differential protein expression and their regulation by apigenin using in-vitro and in-vivo models of RA. METHODS: The human RA synovial fibroblast cells were stimulated with or without TNF-α (10 ng/ml) and treated with 40 μM apigenin...

Emerging evidence suggests an association between chronic pain and elevated body fat. We sought to determine if individuals with higher body fat, measured by hip circumference (HC) and waist circumference (WC), are at risk for chronic pain when they demonstrate higher expression of inflammatory markers. We investigated the incidence and severity of pain in patients with varying WC/HC and inflammatory markers (C-Reactive Protein, IL-6, leptin) using the NIH-sponsored All of Us Database. For each inflammatory marker and sex, participants were divided into four groups based on combinations of normal/high marker levels and small/large WC/HC...

BACKGROUND: Allograft rejection remains a major obstacle to long-term graft survival. Although previous studies have demonstrated that IL-37 exhibited significant immunomodulatory effects in various diseases, research on its role in solid organ transplantation has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the therapeutic effect of recombinant human IL-37 (rhIL-37) was evaluated in a mouse cardiac allotransplantation model. METHODS: The C57BL/6 recipients mouse receiving BALB/c donor hearts were treated with rhIL-37...

BACKGROUND: Cytokines are of utmost importance in both the physiological and pathological immune responses of the human body. This study utilized flow cytometry to measure the levels of plasma interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and established their reference intervals, aiming to provide data support for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 728 reference individuals were included in this study from January 2023 to June 2023...

OBJECTIVE: Intracranial infection is a common complication after neurosurgery and can increase the length of hospital stay, affect patient prognosis, and increase mortality. We aimed to investigate the value of the combined detection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) heparin-binding protein (HBP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and procalcitonin (PCT) for post-neurosurgical intracranial infection. METHODS: This study assessed the diagnostic values of CSF HBP, IL-6, IL-10, PCT levels, and combined assays for post-neurosurgical intracranial infection with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by retrospectively analysing biomarkers of post-neurosurgical patients...

BACKGROUND: Biomarkers are biochemical indicators that can identify changes in the structure or function of systems, organs, or cells and can be used to monitor a wide range of biological processes, including cancer. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) is an important inflammatory suppressor gene and tumor biomarker. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of IL1RA, its probable carcinogenic activity, and its diagnostic targets in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)...

BACKGROUND: The tumor microenvironment (TME) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) in cytokines have recently attracted much attention due to their potential impact on tumor biology. However, the role of IL-22 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) TME is still poorly understood. This article investigated the gene expression and function of IL-22 in TNBC TME. METHODS: Tumor samples from TNBC patients were collected, and adjacent noncancerous tissues were used as controls...

The pathophysiology of several illnesses, including cancer and autoimmune diseasesdepends on human regulatory T cells (Tregs), and abnormalities in these cells may function as triggers for these conditions. Cancer and autoimmune, and gynecological diseases are associated with the differentiation of the proinflammatory T cell subset TH17 and its balance with the production of Treg. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become important regulatory molecules in a wide range of illnesses. During epigenetic regulation, they can control the expression of important genes at several levels by affecting transcription, post-transcriptional actions, translation, and protein modification...

The severity of COVID-19 has been reported to differ among SARS-CoV-2 mutant variants. The overactivation of macrophages is involved in severe COVID-19, yet the effects of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on macrophages remain poorly understood. To clarify the effects, we examined whether mutations of spike proteins (S-proteins) affect macrophage activation. CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages were stimulated with the recombinant S-protein of the wild-type, Delta, and Omicron strains or live viral particles of individual strains...

BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a secreted protein that plays an important role in atherosclerosis and pathological cardiac remodeling. However, the correlation between FGF21 and the degree of coronary artery stenosis and its potential role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain unclear. We examined whether changes in FGF21 levels in AMI correlate with the degree of coronary artery stenosis and the levels of inflammatory factors, and preliminarily investigated the effects of FGF21 on inflammatory factor levels and myocardial injury in rats with AMI...

Dysregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is described in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a transcription factor that its activity is an indicator of Treg identity. FOXP3 induces metabolic versatility in intra-tumoral Tregs, so that its deficiency mediates Treg instability or even gives rise to the acquisition of effector T cell phenotype. FOXP3 dysregulation and defectiveness occurs upon ubiquitination, methylation and presumably acetylation. Stimulators of PTEN, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), and nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 (NAC1), and inhibitors of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), Deltex1 (DTX1) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) are suggested to hamper FOXP3 stability, and to promote its downregulation and further Treg depletion...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Liver fibrosis is a terminal manifestation of various chronic liver diseases. There are no drugs that can reverse the condition. Recently, the importance of interleukin-17 (IL17) in the pathophysiology has been revealed and has attracted attention as a therapeutic target. We aimed to reveal the roles of IL17A and IL17F in liver fibrosis, and to validate the potential of their dual blockade as therapeutic strategy. First, we retrospectively reviewed the longitudinal change of FIB-4 index, a clinical indicator of liver fibrosis, among psoriasis patients treated by brodalumab, which blocks IL17 receptor A (IL17RA)...

The development of coronary artery disease (CAD) depends heavily on platelet activation, and inflammation plays a major role in all stages of atherosclerosis. Platelet-specific soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells like transcript 1 (sTLT-1) facilitate clot formation and have been linked to chronic inflammation. In this study, we explored the role of platelet-derived sTLT-1 in platelet-mediated inflammation in CAD patients. Plasma levels of sTLT-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in CAD patients (n = 163) and healthy controls (n = 99)...

Infectious diseases are a cause of major concern in this twenty-first century. There have been reports of various outbreaks like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, swine flu in 2009, Zika virus disease in 2015, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, since the start of this millennium. In addition to these outbreaks, the latest infectious disease to result in an outbreak is the SARS-CoV-2 infection. A viral infection recognized as a respiratory illness at the time of emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has wreaked havoc worldwide because of its long-lasting implications like heart failure, sepsis, organ failure, etc...

BACKGROUND: The underlying biology of engraftment syndrome (ES) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is not fully elucidated, and the extent of its overlap with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) remains unclear. In order to establish potential indicator to distinguish ES more accurately, we conducted a retrospective analysis of cytokine levels during HSCT. METHODS: A total of 121 consecutive adult patients who underwent HSCT were enrolled in this study...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of circulating adiponectin (APN) level and single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1501299 and rs266729) of the APN gene in the coronary heart disease (CHD) population of Northern Guangxi Province. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-three CHD patients and 235 healthy controls from our hospital from August 2018 to October 2020 were included in this study. ELISA was used to determine the serum APN concentration. PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing were used to analyze the genotypes of APN gene rs1501299 G/T and rs266729 C/G single-nucleotide loci, their distribution differences between the two groups were compared and their correlation with APN concentration was analyzed...