Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry : PPAD

Luxation traumatic injuries affect the hard tissues and may involve periodontal tissues in severe cases. Periodontal healing must be considered during treatment of traumatic injuries that result in total luxation of the teeth. Pulpal healing is essential for the endodontic prognosis of a reimplanted tooth, as well as for its periodontal healing. Luxation injuries can be further classified as intrusive, extrusive, and/or lateral; this categorization further facilitates the mode of splinting and repositioning utilized during treatment...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Treatment with removable partial dentures (RPDs) is an affordable solution for anterior or posterior tooth loss. In determining a proper treatment solution, it is important for the clinician to consider the patient's aesthetic expectations, socioeconomic situation, and the prognosis for the prosthesis and remaining dentition. This article presents guidelines to optimize the aesthetic result of this treatment and considers framework and clasp concepts; rotational path design; minimal extension of the denture bases; auxiliary attachments or retentive bars; and implants for retention and support of RPDs...

Crown fractures are the most common form of traumatic dental injuries encountered in permanent dentition. Restorative treatment modalities incorporate adhesive materials to effectively maintain function and aesthetics. While uncomplicated injuries of the enamel and/or dentin can be treated solely with adhesive procedures, complicated trauma that involves pulp exposure requires the incorporation of a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Fragment reattachment is facilitated by the utilization of bonding agents that enhance retention and aesthetics...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The advent of adhesive dentistry has had a dramatic effect on the practice of aesthetic dentistry, significantly expanding the range of treatment alternatives that clinicians can provide for their patients. Although adhesion is generally associated with the total bonding technique, adhesive systems can be applied in several different manners that include selective, separate, and secure bonding. It is the goal of this article to present the different bonding procedures, to explain the rationales behind each, and to formulate their indications...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Stress distribution in human tooth structure can be visualized through the use of Moiré fringes, which has improved the clinical understanding of recently identified anatomical structures in molar occlusal surfaces. This article discusses the concept of a "peripheral rim of enamel" and describes the manifestation of compressive and tensile fractures within the peripheral rim of enamel and dentin. It also emphasizes the benefits of microdentistry techniques and minimally invasive preparation designs in the long-term preservation of the natural tooth structure...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

For years, investigators have attempted to develop a predictable means of bleaching pathologically and nonpathologically stained dentition. While previous efforts have modified the concentration of the bleaching material, the duration of the procedure, and the manner by which the bleaching agent is activated, the ability to affect a significant shade improvement remains an elusive objective. This article demonstrates an innovative technique used to influence the penetration of oxygen ions into the tooth enamel, which may resolve this clinical dilemma...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The conceptual basis of restorative-driven implant dentistry is well established among clinicians. Its implementation includes the development of a prosthetic blue-print that will serve as a guide throughout therapy. While these concepts may be applied to prosthetic dentistry in general, their benefits are most compelling in the treatment of the aesthetic zone. This article demonstrates a systematic multidimensional approach for the establishment and incorporation of definitive aesthetic objectives throughout the diagnostic, adjunctive, and restorative treatment phases...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Among the prosthesis designs used to treat the edentulous maxilla are fixed or removable implant-supported restorations. Since the aesthetic requirements and preoperative situation of each patient varies, controversy exists regarding prostheses' success rates and complications. The purpose of this article is to compare the treatment options and prosthesis designs with their indications and to compare implant and prosthesis success and treatment expense. This objective was accomplished through the review of reports with regard to varying design considerations and factors that influence the decision-making process and treatment outcomes...

Endodontically treated teeth have been traditionally restored with cost-metal posts prior to receiving aesthetic care. Due to the difficulties associated with early posts, resources have been invested to develop biocompatible endodontic posts capable of satisfying functional and aesthetic criteria. These initiatives have resulted in the introduction of carbon-based and glass-fiber posts with translucencies and moduli of elasticity closely approximating that of the dentin for use in adhesive dental procedures...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In addition to outlining the fundamental principles of color and its qualitative and quantitative measurement, the first part of this article explained the chemical, physical, physiological, and psychological realization of color. To complete this discussion, the second part focuses on numerous variables that affect shade determination in the clinical chromatic environment. A contemporary shade selection system is also presented, and its systematic approach and limitations when utilized in a laboratory or clinical environment are detailed...