Stephen B Stanfill, Stephen S Hecht, Andreas C Joerger, Pablo J González, Luisa B Maia, Maria G Rivas, José J G Moura, Alpana K Gupta, Nick E Le Brun, Jason C Crack, Pierre Hainaut, Courtney Sparacino-Watkins, Robert E Tyx, Suresh D Pillai, Ghazi S Zaatari, S Jane Henley, Benjamin C Blount, Clifford H Watson, Bernd Kaina, Ravi Mehrotra
Tobacco use is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. Tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco (ST), generally contain tobacco-specific N -nitrosamines (TSNAs), such as N '-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK), which are potent carcinogens that cause mutations in critical genes in human DNA. This review covers the series of biochemical and chemical transformations, related to TSNAs, leading from tobacco cultivation to cancer initiation...
November 21, 2023: Critical Reviews in Toxicology