In Vivo

BACKGROUND: Polyadenosine 5'-diphosphoribose polymerase inhibitors (PARP-Is) are novel, effective agents for treating newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the effect of PARP-I on the progression of recurrent EOC has not yet been determined. In particular, there is limited evidence regarding retreatment with PARP-I for recurrent EOC that has progressed on PARP-I in the short term. CASE REPORT: A 69-year-old woman with a BRCA1 mutated EOC relapsed five months after starting olaparib maintenance following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the most widely used pharmaceuticals, induce various adverse effects, including gastrointestinal injuries, such as ulcers and bleeding. Animal models of NSAID-induced small intestinal injury (NSI) have been extensively employed for the development of preventive and therapeutic agents. However, some experimental variations related to feeding times have been observed following NSI induction. This study aimed to investigate the impact of feeding time on an NSI mouse model...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with a high mortality rate and cancer patients who receive chemotherapy are at high risk of ALI during neutropenia recovery. Galantamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Previous studies have shown that galantamine reduced inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. Mer protein was negatively associated with inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to investigate whether galantamine is effective in LPS-induced ALI during neutropenia recovery and its effect on Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) expression in mice...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Fabry disease (FD) is caused by α-galactosidase A (AGA) deficiency, which ultimately leads to the intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Exosomes play a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by clearing damaged or toxic materials, including proteins. In the process of excessive accumulation of intracellular Gb3 in Fabry disease, it may be suggested that exosomal secretion of Gb3 increases to preserve cell homeostasis. This study sought to determine how exosomal secretion and cell signaling change in an FD cell model produced by gene silencing...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution is known to adversely affect respiratory disease, but no study has examined its effect on radiation-induced pneumonitis (RIP) in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 2,736 patients with breast cancer who received postoperative radiation therapy (RT) between 2017 and 2020 in a single institution. The distance between the PM measurement station and our institution was only 3...

BACKGROUND/AIM: The current study was designed to evaluate the etiologies of hypernatremic episodes in patients with severe burn injuries in comparison to critically ill non-burn patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The retrospective data acquisition was limited to the first 14 days and to patients with at least 20% total body surface area (TBSA) 2nd degree burn injuries or more than 10% TBSA when including areas of 3rd degree burn injuries. The results were compared to the results of a previously published study that analyzed the risk factors for hypernatremia in 390 non-burn intensive care unit patients...

BACKGROUND: Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the development and progression of tumor malignancy in humans and animals, showing that both can influence the tumor microenvironment. However, the impact of these two markers in feline mammary carcinogenesis has not yet been addressed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, the clinicopathological significance of COX-2 immunoexpression and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was determined and correlated with disease-free and overall survival of 50 felines with malignant mammary tumors...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is a transcription factor that plays pivotal role in controlling autoimmunity. In the thymus, it supports the presentation of peripheral tissue antigens to developing T cells, where recognition of these self-antigens negatively selects the autoimmune naïve T-cells by central tolerance. Studies demonstrated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AIRE alter transcription and propagate clonal survival of autoimmune T cells, therefore increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases...

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to analyze the dosimetric effects of jaw tracking during Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) planning for facial non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 50 patients with facial NMSC who underwent VMAT planning with or without jaw tracking. The target volume (TV) included the primary skin lesion with a 1-cm margin around the surface and a depth of 4 mm. A total of 55 Gy in 20 fractions was prescribed, and the plans were considered acceptable if the TV was covered by 95-105% of the isodose curve...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Enterococcus faecalis is the leading cause of endodontic treatment failures. Despite various conventional disinfection approaches, microorganisms often persist in root canals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an adjunct antimicrobial strategy employing a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) and light source. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of PDT using an Nd:YAG laser and resveratrol (RSV) with or without pigment, and confirmed that RSV is nontoxic as a PS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed laser irradiation at a 3W output power, using RSV and red pigment as the PS, on an E...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Radical resection after preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LAESCC), but its outcome remains unsatisfactory. In order to develop a personalized treatment program for LAES, we herein compared the survival prediction utility of five pre-NAC nutritional, inflammatory, and immune indexes in patients with LAESCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the survival of 203 patients with LAESCC who underwent radical resection after NAC from January 2011 to September 2019 for the following representative pre-NAC nutritional, inflammatory, and immune indices: modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, Prognostic Nutritional Index, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, serum neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) were evaluated for their impact on survival...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Recently, vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) pattern and macrotrabecular massive (MTM) pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported as aggressive histological types. These histological patterns showed an immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Since there have been no reports on the differences of these two subtypes simultaneously, this study examined the immunophenotypes and TIME of MTM-HCC and VETC-HCC immunohistochemically. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-four cases of previously diagnosed HCC, including 32 MTM-HCCs, 21 VETC-HCCs, and 21 conventional HCCs, were enrolled in immunohistochemical analysis...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) stands as a significant risk for developing various severe health problems. Therefore, the discovery of biomarkers capable of predicting the progression of metabolic conditions is crucial for improving overall health outcomes. Recently, we reported that coiled-coil domain containing 25 (CCDC25) might be associated with key proteins involved in metabolic pathways, by bioinformatics analysis. Thus, we assumed that serum CCDC25 levels might have an association with MetS status...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Since the use of anaesthetics has the drawback of altering radiotracer distribution, preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging findings of anaesthetised animals must be carefully handled. This study aimed at assessing the cerebral [18 F]F-FDG uptake pattern in healthy Wistar rats under four different anaesthesia protocols using microPET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Post-injection of 15±1...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Fat grafting has been widely used for soft-tissue augmentation. External volume expansion (EVE) is a favorable tool for improvement in the rate of fat graft retention. However, few studies have focused on the most appropriate time for its implementation. In this study, BALB/c nude mice were used to investigate the effective time for the implementation of external volume expansion to improve the rate of fat retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen mice were divided into four groups, and EVE was performed at different time points before or both before and after fat grafting...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Prediabetic stages of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) exhibit differences in the sites of insulin resistance. Serum Zinc α-2 glycoprotein (ZAG), acylated ghrelin (AG), and zinc (Zn) levels can affect IFG, IGT, and diabetic glucose tolerance (DGT) differently. This study examined the importance of ZAG, AG, and serum Zn levels in prediabetic individuals with IFG, IGT, and DGT, compared to those with normal glucose levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer with poor survival for children with high-risk disease, and ongoing research to improve outcomes is needed. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) are reliable models for oncologic research; however, they are resource-intensive, expensive, and require significant expertise to develop and maintain. We developed an orthotopic xenograft murine model of neuroblastoma that utilizes cryopreserved banks of human neuroblastoma cell lines, requires minimal equipment, and is easily reproducible...

BACKGROUND/AIM: In the literature, the studies about the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in pterygium diagnosis are mainly based on its protein expression. The role of MMP-2 variants has never been examined. The aim of this study was to examine the association of MMP-2 genotypes with pterygium risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MMP-2 rs243865 and rs2285053 were genotyped in 140 pterygium cases and 280 non-pterygium controls by typical polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genotyping technology...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Undernutrition is a serious health problem prevalent in poor countries, affecting millions of people worldwide, especially young children, pregnant women, and sick elderly individuals. This condition increases vulnerability to infections, leading to widespread use of antibiotic treatments in undernourished populations. The objective of the present study was to determine the in vivo genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) treatment according to nutritional conditions...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is one of the most attention-requiring adverse effects. We have reported that diabetes mellitus significantly increases the incidence of CIN in a short hydration method in real-world lung cancer treatment. However, the effect of prediabetes on CIN development remains unclear. This study investigated whether patients with prediabetes exhibit CIN at a greater rate during real-world cisplatin-including treatments as a subgroup analysis...