journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232324/preface-small-world-big-data
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Eloit
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232323/introduction-data-and-the-need-to-quantify-a-personal-perspective
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S W J Reid
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232322/the-world-organisation-for-animal-health-observatory-a-data-driven-approach-to-address-the-needs-of-its-members
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Weber-Vintzel, G Avendan-Perez
This article reviews the Observatory of the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE), including its objectives, direction and progress achieved so far. It explains the benefits offered by this data-driven programme in improving access to data and information analysis while ensuring confidentiality. In addition, the authors examine the challenges that the Observatory faces and its inextricable link to the Organisation's data management. The development of the Observatory is of the utmost importance, not only for its relevance to the development of WOAH International Standards and their implementation worldwide, but also because of its role as one of the drivers of WOAH's digital transformation plan...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232321/business-centric-data-solutions-for-safeguarding-animal-agriculture-in-the-united-states-of-america
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Estberg, J Luxton, K Spiegel, A Pelzel-Mccluskey, B L Gomez, J L Vanden Eng
Business-centric solutions to data-related problems often yield the greatest positive impacts and improvements for private enterprises but are challenging to design and implement at scale within government agencies. The core mission of the Veterinary Services of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal Plant Health Inspection Service is to safeguard animal agriculture in the United States of America, and effective data management underpins these efforts. As this agency works to assist data-driven decision-making in animal health management, it continues to use a blend of best practices from Federal Data Strategy initiatives and the International Data Management Association framework...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232320/economic-evaluation-of-antimicrobial-usage-surveillance-in-livestock
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
P Alarcon, C L Strang, Y M Chang, M Tak
There is increased pressure by governments and industry to develop national surveillance programmes to evaluate antimicrobial usage (AMU) in animals. This article presents a methodological approach to cost-effectiveness analysis of such programmes. Seven objectives are proposed for AMU surveillance in animals: quantifying use, finding trends, detecting hotspots, identifying risk factors, encouraging research, evaluating the impact of policies and diseases, and demonstrating compliance with regulations. Achieving these objectives would assist in making decisions about potential interventions, help to generate trust, incentivise the reduction of AMU and decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232319/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-in-pig-production-in-the-united-states-of-america
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C B Shivley, T Spronk, A L Green, M Vuolo, L Ruesch, R Edler, C Haley, J Scaria, J Hennings, S Dee
Monitoring antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms is recognised as an important component of antimicrobial stewardship, yet the process can be resource intensive. This paper describes a subset of findings from the first year of a collaboration across government, academia and a private sector veterinary practice focused on swine production in the Midwestern United States. The work is supported by participating farmers and the greater swine industry. Twice-annual collection of samples from pigs along with AMU monitoring occurred on 138 swine farms...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232318/big-data-from-small-animals-integrating-multi-level-environmental-data-into-the-dog-aging-project
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Schwartz, D Xue, D Collins, M Kauffman, M Dunbar, K Crowder, Dog Aging Project, A Ruple
Environmental exposures can have large impacts on health outcomes. While many resources have been dedicated to understanding how humans are influenced by the environment, few efforts have been made to study the role of built and natural environmental features on animal health. The Dog Aging Project (DAP) is a longitudinal community science study of aging in companion dogs. Using a combination of owner-reported surveys and secondary sources linked through geocoded coordinates, DAP has captured home, yard and neighbourhood variables for over 40,000 dogs...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232317/challenges-and-opportunities-of-sharing-animal-health-data-for-research-and-disease-management-a-case-study-of-bovine-tuberculosis
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
W Wint, A Mitchell, N Alexander, J Ellerbeck, G Enticott, P Hogarth, A Prosser, L Lambert, D Hackett, N Tait, J Tiller, P Upton
The sharing of animal disease data should be encouraged. The analysis of such data will broaden our knowledge of animal diseases and potentially provide insights into their management. However, the need to conform to data protection rules in the sharing of such data for analysis purposes often poses practical difficulties. This paper sets out the challenges and the methods used for the sharing of animal health data in England, Scotland and Wales - Great Britain - using bovine tuberculosis (bTB) data as a case study...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232316/management-of-animal-health-data-to-inform-policy-in-china
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Y Wang, L Gao, H Liu, F Guo
In the past ten years, with the development of computer and internet technology, the informatisation of animal health data management has continuously improved, thus strengthening the role of animal health information in supporting decision-making. This article outlines the legal basis, management system and collection procedure for animal health data in the mainland of China. Its development and application are also briefed, and its future development is envisioned based on the current situation.
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232315/assessing-the-quality-of-data-for-drivers-of-disease-emergence
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Kelly, M P G Koopmans, V Horigan, A Papa, R S Sikkema, L G H Koren, E L Snary
Drivers are factors that have the potential to directly or indirectly influence the likelihood of infectious diseases emerging or re-emerging. It is likely that an emerging infectious disease (EID) rarely occurs as the result of only one driver; rather, a network of sub-drivers (factors that can influence a driver) are likely to provide conditions that allow a pathogen to (re-)emerge and become established. Data on sub-drivers have therefore been used by modellers to identify hotspots where EIDs may next occur, or to estimate which sub-drivers have the greatest influence on the likelihood of their occurrence...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232314/from-top-to-bottom-gridded-human-population-estimates-in-data-poor-situations
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K B Stevens
Where disease risks are heterogeneous across population groups or space, or dependent on transmission between individuals, spatial data on population distributions - human, livestock and wildlife - are required to estimate infectious disease risks, burdens and dynamics. As a result, large-scale, spatially explicit, high-resolution human population data are being increasingly used in a wide range of animal- and public-health planning and policy development scenarios. Official census data, aggregated by administrative unit, provide the only complete enumeration of a country's population...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232313/management-and-analysis-of-high-throughput-sequence-data-for-infectious-animal-diseases
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R J Ellis, T L Jenkins
Advances in technology and decreasing costs have accelerated the use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for both diagnosis and characterisation of infectious animal diseases. High-throughput sequencing offers several advantages over previous techniques, including rapid turnaround times and the ability to resolve single nucleotide changes among samples, both of which are important for epidemiological investigations of outbreaks. However, due to the plethora of genetic data being routinely generated, the storage and analysis of these data are proving challenging in their own right...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232312/surveillance-and-risk-assessment-for-early-detection-of-emerging-infectious-diseases-in-livestock
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Guitian, P Alarcon, E L Snary, J A Drewe, M Crotta
Those who work in the area of surveillance and prevention of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) face a challenge in accurately predicting where infection will occur and who (or what) it will affect. Establishing surveillance and control programmes for EIDs requires substantial and long-term commitment of resources that are limited in nature. This contrasts with the unquantifiable number of possible zoonotic and non-zoonotic infectious diseases that may emerge, even when the focus is restricted to diseases involving livestock...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232311/challenges-involved-in-the-collection-of-appropriate-data-for-the-completion-of-disease-outbreak-risk-assessments
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
V Horigan, R Hill-Ernesto, R R L Simons, D Evans
Risk assessment is an essential tool used in the control of disease outbreaks. Without it, key risk pathways might not be identified, resulting in potential spread of disease. The devastating effects of disease spread can ripple through society, affecting the economy and trade and having considerable impact on animal health and potentially human health. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) has highlighted that risk analysis, which includes risk assessment, is not consistently used across all Members, with some low-income countries making policy decisions without prior risk assessment...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232310/reshaping-surveillance-for-infectious-diseases-less-chasing-of-pathogens-and-more-monitoring-of-drivers
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B Hasler, J A Drewe, J George
Animal health surveillance, despite its name, tends to focus on looking for disease. Often this involves searching for cases of infection with known pathogens (‘pathogen chasing'). Such an approach is both resource intensive and limited by the requirement for prior knowledge of disease likelihood. In this paper, the authors propose the gradual reshaping of surveillance towards the systems level, focusing on the processes (‘drivers') that promote disease or health, rather than on the presence or absence of specific pathogens...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232309/enhanced-passive-surveillance-for-early-detection-of-african-and-classical-swine-fevers
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D M Schettino, A Perez, E Lantigua, O Beemer, M Remmenga, C Vanicek, G Lopes, J Arzt, R Reyes
African swine fever (ASF) and classical swine fever (CSF) are transboundary animal diseases (TADs) of pigs. Much effort and resources are regularly put into preventing these diseases' introduction in free areas. Passive surveillance activities bring the highest chances for the early detection of TAD incursions because they are routinely and widely conducted at farms, and because these activities focus on the time between introduction and when the first sample is sent for diagnostic testing. The authors proposed the implementation of an enhanced passive surveillance (EPS) protocol based on collecting data through participatory surveillance actions using an objective and adaptable scoring system to aid the early detection of ASF or CSF at the farm level...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232308/wildlife-health-surveillance-gaps-needs-and-opportunities
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Wannous, P Tizzani, S Muset, J M Sleeman, C L White, A Fanelli, M Delgado, N Ferrari, L Thompson, D Walsh
Disease emergence represents a global threat to public health, economy and biological conservation. Most emerging zoonotic diseases have an animal origin, most commonly from wildlife. To prevent their spread and to support the implementation of control measures, disease surveillance and reporting systems are needed, and due to globalisation, these activities should be carried out at the global level. To define the main gaps affecting the performance of wildlife health surveillance and reporting systems globally, the authors analysed data from a questionnaire sent to National Focal Points of the World Organisation for Animal Health that inquired on structure and limits of wildlife surveillance and reporting systems in their territories...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232307/infectious-disease-modelling-to-inform-policy
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R R Kao, G C Smith, M Walker
With modelling becoming increasingly important in helping to inform decisions about animal diseases, it is essential that the process be optimised to gain the maximum benefit for the decision-maker. Here, the authors set out ten steps that can improve this process for all concerned. Four steps describe initialisation to ensure that the question, answer and timescale are defined; two steps describe the modelling process and quality assurance; and four steps describe the reporting stage. The authors believe that this greater emphasis at the beginning and end of a modelling project will increase the relevance of the work and understanding of the results, and thus contribute towards better decision-making...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232306/disease-outbreak-response-why-epidemiology-plays-a-central-role
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Ellis-Iversen, R Avigad, J Gibbens, R Hepple, A Paterson
The need to control transboundary animal disease outbreaks is widely recognised, as is the need for evidence-based decisions regarding which control measures to implement. Key data and information are required to inform this evidence base. To ensure effective communication of the evidence, a rapid process of collation, interpretation and translation is required. This paper describes how epidemiology can provide the framework through which relevant specialists can be engaged to this end, and highlights the central role of epidemiologists, with their unique combination of skills, in this process...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37232305/data-driven-investment-and-performance-management-in-the-livestock-sector
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Thevasagayam, A R Peters
Evidence-based decision-making is now axiomatic in many sectors and has become increasingly important in prioritising development in low- and middle-income countries. In the livestock development sector, there has been a lack of data on health and production required to establish an evidence base. Thus, much strategic and policy decision-making has been based on the more subjective grounds of opinion, expert or otherwise. However, there is now a trend towards a more data-driven approach for such decisions. The Centre for Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions in Livestock was established in Edinburgh by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2016, to collate and publish livestock health and production data, lead a community of practice to harmonise livestock-data-related methodologies, and develop and monitor performance indicators for livestock investments...
May 2023: Revue Scientifique et Technique
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