journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38308564/the-mechanistic-basis-of-the-membrane-permeabilizing-activities-of-the-virulence-associated-protein-a-vapa-from-rhodococcus-equi
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Nehls, Marcel Schröder, Thomas Haubenthal, Albert Haas, Thomas Gutsmann
Pathogenic Rhodococcus equi release the virulence-associated protein A (VapA) within macrophage phagosomes. VapA permeabilizes phagosome and lysosome membranes and reduces acidification of both compartments. Using biophysical techniques, we found that VapA interacts with model membranes in four steps: (i) binding, change of mechanical properties, (ii) formation of specific membrane domains, (iii) permeabilization within the domains, and (iv) pH-specific transformation of domains. Biosensor data revealed that VapA binds to membranes in one step at pH 6...
February 3, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38308563/the-metabolite-vanillic-acid-regulates-acinetobacter-baumannii-surface-attachment
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Merlin Brychcy, Brian Nguyen, Guillermo Antunez Tierney, Pranav Casula, Alexis Kokodynski, Veronica G Godoy
The nosocomial bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is protected from antibiotic treatment by acquiring antibiotic resistances and by forming biofilms. Cell attachment, one of the first steps in biofilm formation, is normally induced by environmental metabolites. We hypothesized that vanillic acid (VA), the oxidized form of vanillin and a widely available metabolite, may play a role in A. baumannii cell attachment. We first discovered that A. baumannii actively breaks down VA through the evolutionarily conserved vanABKP genes...
February 3, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38293733/mycoplasma-invasion-into-host-cells-an-integrated-model-of-infection-strategy
#23
REVIEW
Feichen Xiu, Xinru Li, Lu Liu, Yixuan Xi, Xinchao Yi, Yumeng Li, Xiaoxing You
Mycoplasma belong to the genus Mollicutes and are notable for their small genome sizes (500-1300 kb) and limited biosynthetic capabilities. They exhibit pathogenicity by invading various cell types to survive as intracellular pathogens. Adhesion is a crucial prerequisite for successful invasion and is orchestrated by the interplay between mycoplasma surface adhesins and specific receptors on the host cell membrane. Invasion relies heavily on clathrin- and caveolae-mediated internalization, accompanied by multiple activated kinases, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and a myriad of morphological alterations, such as membrane invagination, nuclear hypertrophy and aggregation, cytoplasmic edema, and vacuolization...
January 31, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38284496/functional-promiscuity-of-small-multidrug-resistance-transporters-from-staphylococcus-aureus-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-and-francisella-tularensis
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peyton J Spreacker, Andrea K Wegrzynowicz, Colin J Porter, Will F Beeninga, Sydnye Demas, Emma N Powers, Katherine A Henzler-Wildman
Small multidrug resistance transporters efflux toxic compounds from bacteria and are a minimal system to understand multidrug transport. Most previous studies have focused on EmrE, the model SMR from Escherichia coli, finding that EmrE has a broader substrate profile than previously thought and that EmrE may perform multiple types of transport, resulting in substrate-dependent resistance or susceptibility. Here, we performed a broad screen to identify potential substrates of three other SMRs: PAsmr from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; FTsmr from Francisella tularensis; and SAsmr from Staphylococcus aureus...
January 29, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38242855/genome-wide-profiling-of-piggybac-transposon-insertion-mutants-reveals-loss-of-the-f-1-f-0-atpase-complex-causes-fluconazole-resistance-in-candida-glabrata
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eve W L Chow, Yabing Song, Haitao Wang, Xiaoli Xu, Jiaxin Gao, Yue Wang
Invasive candidiasis caused by non-albicans species has been on the rise, with Candida glabrata emerging as the second most common etiological agent. Candida glabrata possesses an intrinsically lower susceptibility to azoles and an alarming propensity to rapidly develop high-level azole resistance during treatment. In this study, we have developed an efficient piggyBac (PB) transposon-mediated mutagenesis system in C. glabrata to conduct genome-wide genetic screens and applied it to profile genes that contribute to azole resistance...
January 19, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38238886/endoplasmic-reticulum-localized-tmem33-domain-containing-protein-is-crucial-for-all-life-cycle-stages-of-the-malaria-parasite
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohd Kamil, Umit Yasar Kina, Habibe Nur Atmaca, Sinem Unal, Gozde Deveci, Pinar Burak, Ahmed S I Aly
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of stress responses in multiple eukaryotic cells. However, little is known about the effector mechanisms that regulate stress responses in ER of the malaria parasite. Herein, we aimed to identify the importance of a transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33)-domain-containing protein in life cycle of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. TMEM33 is an ER membrane-resident protein that is involved in regulating stress responses in various eukaryotic cells...
January 18, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38234267/bright-individuals-applications-of-fluorescent-protein-based-reporter-systems-in-single-cell-cellular-microbiology
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marc Schulte, Luisa Grotheer, Michael Hensel
Activation and function of virulence functions of bacterial pathogens are highly dynamic in time and space, and can show considerable heterogeneity between individual cells in pathogen populations. To investigate the complex events in host-pathogen interactions, single cell analyses are required. Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are excellent tools to follow the fate of individual bacterial cells during infection, and can also be deployed to use the pathogen as a sensor for its specific environment in host cells or host organisms...
January 18, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38225194/whole-genome-crispr-screens-to-understand-apicomplexan-host-interactions
#28
REVIEW
Eva Hesping, Justin A Boddey
Apicomplexan parasites are aetiological agents of numerous diseases in humans and livestock. Functional genomics studies in these parasites enable the identification of biological mechanisms and protein functions that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Recent improvements in forward genetics and whole-genome screens utilising CRISPR/Cas technology have revolutionised the functional analysis of genes during Apicomplexan infection of host cells. Here, we highlight key discoveries from CRISPR/Cas9 screens in Apicomplexa or their infected host cells and discuss remaining challenges to maximise this technology that may help answer fundamental questions about parasite-host interactions...
January 15, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38219261/correction-to-sumoylation-of-yeast-pso2-enhances-its-translocation-and-accumulation-in-the-mitochondria-and-suppresses-methyl-methanesulfonate-induced-mitochondrial-dna-damage
#29
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 14, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38204420/tbsp-and-trmb-jointly-regulate-gapii-to-influence-cell-development-phenotypes-in-the-archaeon-haloferax-volcanii
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rylee K Hackley, Sungmin Hwang, Jake T Herb, Preeti Bhanap, Katie Lam, Angie Vreugdenhil, Cynthia L Darnell, Mar Martinez Pastor, Johnathan H Martin, Julie A Maupin-Furlow, Amy K Schmid
Microbial cells must continually adapt their physiology in the face of changing environmental conditions. Archaea living in extreme conditions, such as saturated salinity, represent important examples of such resilience. The model salt-loving organism Haloferax volcanii exhibits remarkable plasticity in its morphology, biofilm formation, and motility in response to variations in nutrients and cell density. However, the mechanisms regulating these lifestyle transitions remain unclear. In prior research, we showed that the transcriptional regulator, TrmB, maintains the rod shape in the related species Halobacterium salinarum by activating the expression of enzyme-coding genes in the gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway...
January 11, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38193389/the-host-rab9a-rab32-axis-is-actively-recruited-to-the-trypanosoma-cruzi-parasitophorous-vacuole-and-benefits-the-infection-cycle
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Betiana Nebaí Salassa, Juan Agustín Cueto, María Cristina Vanrell, María Belén López, Albert Descoteaux, Carlos Alberto Labriola, Patricia Silvia Romano
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease is a protozoan parasite that infects phagocytic and non-phagocytic mammalian cells. At early stages of infection, trypomastigotes, the infective forms of this parasite, localize in a vesicular compartment called the T. cruzi parasitophorous vacuole until the exit of parasites to the host cell cytoplasm where continue their infective cycle. Rab proteins participate in the membrane traffic's molecular machinery, functioning as central regulators of vesicle recognition and transport...
January 9, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38183361/rfx-transcription-factor-in-the-human-associated-yeast-candida-albicans-regulates-adhesion-to-oral-epithelium
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diana L Rodríguez, Elena Lindemann-Perez, J Christian Perez
Adhesion to mucosal surfaces is a critical step in many bacterial and fungal infections. Here, using a mouse model of oral infection by the human fungal pathobiont Candida albicans, we report the identification of a novel regulator of C. albicans adhesion to the oral mucosa. The regulator is a member of the regulatory factor X (RFX) family of transcription factors, which control cellular processes ranging from genome integrity in model yeasts to tissue differentiation in vertebrates. Mice infected with the C...
January 6, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38178634/pilotins-are-mobile-t3ss-components-involved-in-assembly-and-substrate-specificity-of-the-bacterial-type-iii-secretion-system
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephan Wimmi, Moritz Fleck, Carlos Helbig, Corentin Brianceau, Katja Langenfeld, Witold G Szymanski, Georgia Angelidou, Timo Glatter, Andreas Diepold
In animal pathogens, assembly of the type III secretion system injectisome requires the presence of so-called pilotins, small lipoproteins that assist the formation of the secretin ring in the outer membrane. Using a combination of functional assays, interaction studies, proteomics, and live-cell microscopy, we determined the contribution of the pilotin to the assembly, function, and substrate selectivity of the T3SS and identified potential new downstream roles of pilotin proteins. In absence of its pilotin SctG, Yersinia enterocolitica forms few, largely polar injectisome sorting platforms and needles...
January 4, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38178569/diverse-mechanisms-control-amino-acid-dependent-environmental-alkalization-by-candida-albicans
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fitz Gerald S Silao, Valerie Diane Valeriano, Erika Uddström, Emilie Falconer, Per O Ljungdahl
Candida albicans has the capacity to neutralize acidic growth environments by releasing ammonia derived from the catabolism of amino acids. The molecular components underlying alkalization and its physiological significance remain poorly understood. Here, we present an integrative model with the cytosolic NAD+ -dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh2) as the principal ammonia-generating component. We show that alkalization is dependent on the SPS-sensor-regulated transcription factor STP2 and the proline-responsive activator Put3...
January 4, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38173305/the-shapeshifting-helicobacter-pylori-from-a-corkscrew-to-a-ball
#35
REVIEW
Thimoro Cheng, Ivo Gomperts Boneca
There is growing evidence that bacterial morphology is closely related to their lifestyle. The helical Helicobacter pylori relies on its unique shape for survival and efficient colonization of the human stomach. Yet, they have been observed to transform into another distinctive morphology, the spherical coccoid. Despite being hypothesized to be involved in the persistence and transmission of this species, years of effort in deciphering the roles of the coccoid form remain fruitless since contrasting observations regarding its lifestyle were reported...
January 3, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38169053/the-alternative-sigma-factor-rpos-regulates-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-quorum-sensing-response-by-repressing-the-pqsabcde-operon-and-activating-vfr
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luis Felipe Muriel-Millán, Luis Fernando Montelongo-Martínez, Abigail González-Valdez, Leidy Patricia Bedoya-Pérez, Miguel Cocotl-Yañez, Gloria Soberón-Chávez
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen. Several of its virulence-related processes, including the synthesis of pyocyanin (PYO) and biofilm formation, are controlled by quorum sensing (QS). It has been shown that the alternative sigma factor RpoS regulates QS through the reduction of lasR and rhlR transcription (encoding QS regulators). However, paradoxically, the absence of RpoS increases PYO production and biofilm development (that are RhlR dependent) by unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that RpoS represses pqsE transcription, which impacts the stability and activity of RhlR...
January 3, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38167837/the-transcription-factor-ofi1-is-critical-for-white-opaque-switching-in-natural-mtla-%C3%AE-isolates-of-candida-albicans
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao Cui, Dandan Yang, Shengwei Gong, Yaling Zhang, Bin Dong, Chang Su, Lianjuan Yang, Yang Lu
Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, is able to switch between two distinct cell types: white and opaque. While white-to-opaque switching is typically repressed by the a1/α2 heterodimer in MTLa/α cells, it was recently reported that switching can also occur in some natural MTLa/α strains under certain environmental conditions. However, the regulatory program governing white-opaque switching in MTLa/α cells is not fully understood. Here, we collected 90 clinical isolates of C...
January 3, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38167835/experimental-measurement-and-computational-prediction-of-bacterial-hanks-type-ser-thr-signaling-system-regulatory-targets
#38
REVIEW
Noam Grunfeld, Erel Levine, Elizabeth Libby
Bacteria possess diverse classes of signaling systems that they use to sense and respond to their environments and execute properly timed developmental transitions. One widespread and evolutionarily ancient class of signaling systems are the Hanks-type Ser/Thr kinases, also sometimes termed "eukaryotic-like" due to their homology with eukaryotic kinases. In diverse bacterial species, these signaling systems function as critical regulators of general cellular processes such as metabolism, growth and division, developmental transitions such as sporulation, biofilm formation, and virulence, as well as antibiotic tolerance...
January 3, 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462237/mechanisms-of-host-cell-exit-by-intracellular-pathogens
#39
EDITORIAL
Friedrich Frischknecht, Gabriele Pradel
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 2024: Molecular Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38153189/the-lysr-type-transcriptional-regulator-lela-co-regulates-various-effectors-in-different-legionella-species
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naomi Shapira, Tal Zusman, Gil Segal
The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila translocates more than 300 effector proteins into its host cells. The expression levels of the genes encoding these effectors are orchestrated by an intricate regulatory network. Here, we introduce LelA, the first L. pneumophila LysR-type transcriptional regulator of effectors. Through bioinformatic and experimental analyses, we identified the LelA target regulatory element and demonstrated that it directly activates the expression of three L. pneumophila effectors (legL7, legL6, and legU1)...
December 28, 2023: Molecular Microbiology
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