journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38153803/hypoxic-ischemic-brain-injury-animal-models-reveal-new-mechanisms-of-melatonin-mediated-neuroprotection
#21
REVIEW
Serafina Perrone, Silvia Carloni, Valentina Giovanna Dell'Orto, Laura Filonzi, Virginia Beretta, Chiara Petrolini, Chiara Lembo, Giuseppe Buonocore, Susanna Esposito, Francesco Nonnis Marzano
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation play a key role in the development of hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) induced brain damage. Following H-I, rapid neuronal death occurs during the acute phase of inflammation, and activation of the oxidant-antioxidant system contributes to the brain damage by activated microglia. So far, in an animal model of perinatal H-I, it was showed that neuroprostanes are present in all brain damaged areas, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Based on the interplay between inflammation and OS, it was demonstrated in the same model that inflammation reduced brain sirtuin-1 expression and affected the expression of specific miRNAs...
December 29, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37490300/involvement-of-microglia-in-chronic-neuropathic-pain-associated-with-spinal-cord-injury%C3%A2-a-systematic-review
#22
REVIEW
David Ramos, Célia Duarte Cruz
In recent decade microglia have been found to have a central role in the development of chronic neuropathic pain after injury to the peripheral nervous system. It is widely accepted that peripheral nerve injury triggers microglial activation in the spinal cord, which contributes to heightened pain sensation and eventually chronic pain states. The contribution of microglia to chronic pain arising after injury to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), has been less studied, but there is evidence supporting microglial contribution to central neuropathic pain...
December 15, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37983528/the-role-of-myelin-in-neurodegeneration-implications-for-drug-targets-and-neuroprotection-strategies
#23
REVIEW
Gabriella E Parrilla, Vivek Gupta, Roshana Vander Wall, Akanksha Salkar, Devaraj Basavarajappa, Mehdi Mirzaei, Nitin Chitranshi, Stuart L Graham, Yuyi You
Myelination of axons in the central nervous system offers numerous advantages, including decreased energy expenditure for signal transmission and enhanced signal speed. The myelin sheaths surrounding an axon consist of a multi-layered membrane that is formed by oligodendrocytes, while specific glycoproteins and lipids play various roles in this formation process. As beneficial as myelin can be, its dysregulation and degeneration can prove detrimental. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in cellular metabolism and the extracellular matrix can lead to demyelination of these axons...
November 22, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37889575/dominant-mechanism-in-spinal-cord-injury-induced-immunodeficiency-syndrome-sci-ids-sympathetic-hyperreflexia
#24
REVIEW
Ping Yang, Zhi-Qun Bian, Zhen-Bo Song, Cheng-Ying Yang, Li Wang, Zhong-Xiang Yao
Clinical studies have shown that individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases, resulting in a syndrome called SCI-induced immunodeficiency syndrome (SCI-IDS), which is the leading cause of death after SCI. It is believed that SCI-IDS is associated with exaggerated activation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs). After SCI, disruption of bulbospinal projections from the medulla oblongata C1 neurons to the SPNs results in the loss of sympathetic inhibitory modulation from the brain and brainstem and the occurrence of abnormally high levels of spinal sympathetic reflexes (SSR), named sympathetic hyperreflexia...
October 30, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36757367/targeting-the-gut-microbiota-brain-axis-in-irritable-bowel-disease-to-improve-cognitive-function%C3%A2-recent-knowledge-and-emerging-therapeutic-opportunities
#25
REVIEW
Heyong Tang, Xiaoqi Chen, Shun Huang, Gang Yin, Xiyang Wang, Guoming Shen
The brain-gut axis forms a bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and cognitive brain areas. Disturbances to this system in disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease have consequences for neuronal activity and subsequent cognitive function. The gut-microbiota-brain axis refers to the communication between gut-resident bacteria and the brain. This circuits exists to detect gut microorganisms and relay information to specific areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that in turn, regulate gut physiology...
October 26, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37813870/adult-adhd-it-is-old-and-new-at-the-same-time%C3%A2-what-is-it
#26
REVIEW
Raly James Perez Custodio, Jan G Hengstler, Jae Hoon Cheong, Hee Jin Kim, Edmund Wascher, Stephan Getzmann
Even though the number of studies aiming to improve comprehension of ADHD pathology has increased in recent years, there still is an urgent need for more effective studies, particularly in understanding adult ADHD, both at preclinical and clinical levels, due to the increasing evidence that adult ADHD is highly distinct and a different entity from childhood ADHD. This review paper outlines the symptoms, diagnostics, and neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD, with emphasis on how adult ADHD could be different from childhood-onset...
October 11, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37812748/subjective-behavioral-and-neurobiological-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-in-social-anxiety
#27
REVIEW
Bárbara Dos Anjos Rosário, Jéssica Alves Lemes, Maria Paula de Lima, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, Milena de Barros Viana
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating disorder, characterized by fear and anxiety in social situations. Evidence suggests that the levels of SAD are rising, in particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective treatments for SAD. Nevertheless, a significant number of patients do not respond well to these therapeutic options. During the last years, Cannabis and cannabinoid-containing products have been investigated for the treatment of different neuropsychiatric disorders...
October 11, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37725397/understanding-visual-processing-of-motion-completing-the-picture-using-experimentally-driven-computational-models-of-mt
#28
REVIEW
Parvin Zarei Eskikand, David B Grayden, Tatiana Kameneva, Anthony N Burkitt, Michael R Ibbotson
Computational modeling helps neuroscientists to integrate and explain experimental data obtained through neurophysiological and anatomical studies, thus providing a mechanism by which we can better understand and predict the principles of neural computation. Computational modeling of the neuronal pathways of the visual cortex has been successful in developing theories of biological motion processing. This review describes a range of computational models that have been inspired by neurophysiological experiments...
September 20, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37678819/automated-diagnosis-of-autism-with-artificial-intelligence-state-of-the-art
#29
REVIEW
Amir Valizadeh, Mana Moassefi, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari, Soheil Heidari Some'eh, Hossein Hosseini-Asl, Mehrnush Saghab Torbati, Reyhaneh Aghajani, Zahra Maleki Ghorbani, Iman Menbari-Oskouie, Faezeh Aghajani, Alireza Mirzamohamadi, Mohammad Ghafouri, Shahriar Faghani, Amir Hossein Memari
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a panel of conditions that begin during the developmental period and result in impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Early diagnosis is directly related to a better prognosis. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of ASD requires a long and exhausting subjective process. We aimed to review the state of the art for automated autism diagnosis and recognition in this research. In February 2022, we searched multiple databases and sources of gray literature for eligible studies...
September 8, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37651646/-brain-breath-interactions-respiration-timing-dependent-impact-on-functional-brain-networks-and-beyond
#30
REVIEW
Nozomu H Nakamura, Yoshitaka Oku, Masaki Fukunaga
Breathing is a natural daily action that one cannot do without, and it sensitively and intensely changes under various situations. What if this essential act of breathing can impact our overall well-being? Recent studies have demonstrated that breathing oscillations couple with higher brain functions, i.e., perception, motor actions, and cognition. Moreover, the timing of breathing, a phase transition from exhalation to inhalation, modulates specific cortical activity and accuracy in cognitive tasks. To determine possible respiratory roles in attentional and memory processes and functional neural networks, we discussed how breathing interacts with the brain that are measured by electrophysiology and functional neuroimaging: (i) respiration-dependent modulation of mental health and cognition; (ii) respiratory rhythm generation and respiratory pontomedullary networks in the brainstem; (iii) respiration-dependent effects on specific brainstem regions and functional neural networks (e...
September 1, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37651618/-in-vivo-c6-glioma-models-an-update-and-a-guide-toward-a-more-effective-preclinical-evaluation-of-potential-anti-glioblastoma-drugs
#31
REVIEW
Safura Pournajaf, Nastaran Afsordeh, Mohammad Hossein Pourgholami
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis and few therapeutic choices. In vivo, tumor models are useful for enhancing knowledge of underlying GBM pathology and developing more effective therapies/agents at the preclinical level, as they recapitulate human brain tumors. The C6 glioma cell line has been one of the most widely used cell lines in neuro-oncology research as they produce tumors that share the most similarities with human GBM regarding genetic, invasion, and expansion profiles and characteristics...
September 1, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37609845/fine-tuning-the-circadian-system-with-light-treatment-for-parkinson-s-disease-an-in-depth-critical-review
#32
REVIEW
Gregory L Willis, Stuart M Armstrong
Late in the twentieth century, interest intensified regarding the involvement of the circadian system in the aetiology and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been envisaged that this approach might provide relief beyond the limited benefits and severe side effects achieved by dopamine (DA) replacement. In the first clinical article, published in 1996, polychromatic light was used to shift the circadian clock as it is considered to be the most powerful zeitgeber (time keeper) that can be implemented to realign circadian phase...
August 23, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37602685/peripheral-inflammation-is-a-potential-etiological-factor-in-alzheimer-s-disease
#33
REVIEW
Ziyuan Li, Hui Wang, Yafu Yin
Peripheral inflammation could constitute a risk factor for AD. This review summarizes the research related to peripheral inflammation that appears to have a relationship with Alzheimer's disease. We find there are significant associations between AD and peripheral infection induced by various pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Porphyromonas gingivalis , Helicobacter pylori , and Toxoplasma gondii ...
August 21, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37525497/pathogenesis-underlying-hexanucleotide-repeat-expansions-in-c9orf72-gene-in-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis
#34
REVIEW
Zhao Zhong Chong, Daniel L Menkes, Nizar Souayah
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Mutations in C9orf72 and the resulting hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) expansion (HRE) has been identified as a major cause of familial ALS, accounting for about 40 % of familial and 6 % of sporadic cases of ALS in Western patients. The pathological outcomes of HRE expansion in ALS have been recognized as the results of two mechanisms that include both the toxic gain-of-function and loss-of-function of C9ORF72...
August 2, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37459114/dietary-inflammatory-index-and-neuropsychiatric-disorders
#35
REVIEW
Mahsa Golshani Nasab, Arash Heidari, Mohammadreza Sedighi, Narges Shakerian, Mona Mirbeyk, Amene Saghazadeh, Nima Rezaei
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are considered a potential threat to mental health. Inflammation predominantly plays a role in the pathophysiology of NPDs. Dietary patterns are widely postulated to be involved in the physiological response to inflammation. This review aims to discuss the literature on how dietary inflammatory index (DII) is related to inflammation and, consequently, NPDs. After comprehensive scrutiny in different databases, the articles that investigated the relation of DII score and various NPDs and psychological circumstances were included...
July 18, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37437141/role-of-the-basal-ganglia-in-innate-and-learned-behavioural-sequences
#36
REVIEW
Natalia Favila, Kevin Gurney, Paul G Overton
Integrating individual actions into coherent, organised behavioural units, a process called chunking, is a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved process that renders actions automatic. In vertebrates, evidence points to the basal ganglia - a complex network believed to be involved in action selection - as a key component of action sequence encoding, although the underlying mechanisms are only just beginning to be understood. Central pattern generators control many innate automatic behavioural sequences that form some of the most basic behaviours in an animal's repertoire, and in vertebrates, brainstem and spinal pattern generators are under the control of higher order structures such as the basal ganglia...
July 14, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37419866/a-review-of-neuroimaging-based-data-driven-approach-for-alzheimer-s-disease-heterogeneity-analysis
#37
REVIEW
Lingyu Liu, Shen Sun, Wenjie Kang, Shuicai Wu, Lan Lin
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex form of dementia and due to its high phenotypic variability, its diagnosis and monitoring can be quite challenging. Biomarkers play a crucial role in AD diagnosis and monitoring, but interpreting these biomarkers can be problematic due to their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Therefore, researchers are increasingly turning to imaging-based biomarkers that employ data-driven computational approaches to examine the heterogeneity of AD. In this comprehensive review article, we aim to provide health professionals with a comprehensive view of past applications of data-driven computational approaches in studying AD heterogeneity and planning future research directions...
July 10, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37415576/the-brain-serotonin-system-in-autism
#38
REVIEW
Alexander Ya Rodnyy, Elena M Kondaurova, Anton S Tsybko, Nina K Popova, Dmitry A Kudlay, Vladimir S Naumenko
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are among the most common neurodevelopmental diseases. These disorders are characterized by lack of social interaction, by repetitive behavior, and often anxiety and learning disabilities. The brain serotonin (5-HT) system is known to be crucially implicated in a wide range of physiological functions and in the control of different kinds of normal and pathological behavior. A growing number of studies indicate the involvement of the brain 5-HT system in the mechanisms underlying both ASD development and ASD-related behavioral disorders...
July 10, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37409540/transsulfuration-pathway-a-targeting-neuromodulator-in-parkinson-s-disease
#39
REVIEW
Andrea Corona-Trejo, María E Gonsebatt, Cristina Trejo-Solis, Victoria Campos-Peña, Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados, Edgar Yebrán Villegas-Vázquez, Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández, Vicente Jesús Hernández-Abad, Gabriela Figueroa-González, Daniela Silva-Adaya
The transsulfuration pathway (TSP) is a metabolic pathway involving sulfur transfer from homocysteine to cysteine. Transsulfuration pathway leads to many sulfur metabolites, principally glutathione, H2 S, taurine, and cysteine. Key enzymes of the TSP, such as cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, are essential regulators at multiple levels in this pathway. TSP metabolites are implicated in many physiological processes in the central nervous system and other tissues. TSP is important in controlling sulfur balance and optimal cellular functions such as glutathione synthesis...
July 7, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37288945/the-role-of-pain-modulation-pathway-and-related-brain-regions-in-pain
#40
REVIEW
Dandan Yao, Yeru Chen, Gang Chen
Pain is a multifaceted process that encompasses unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences. The essence of the pain process is aversion, or perceived negative emotion. Central sensitization plays a significant role in initiating and perpetuating of chronic pain. Melzack proposed the concept of the "pain matrix", in which brain regions associated with pain form an interconnected network, rather than being controlled by a singular brain region. This review aims to investigate distinct brain regions involved in pain and their interconnections...
June 8, 2023: Reviews in the Neurosciences
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