Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry : IJCB

Owing to limited usefulness of Rheumatoid Factor and anti-CCP in rheumatoid arthritis, there is a need to identify a more sensitive and specific biomarker to detect rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly seronegative RA cases. Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of RA. The objective of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum Tenascin-C in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patients. We conducted a cross-sectional case control study...

UNLABELLED: Amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease where amyloid fibrils get deposited in the organs like kidney, liver and spleen. Amyloid deposition in the kidneys classically meant deposition in the glomeruli and mesangium until 2008 when interstitial amyloid deposits were isolated and named as` Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2-associated amyloidosis. It is a progressive disease which clinically manifests as slowly progressive renal dysfunction and/or proteinuria. Our case 34 year old renal transplant recipient underwent graft biopsy post transplantation which revealed interstitial LECT-2 amyloid deposits...

The aim of this study is to determine the roles of eNOS gene variations in BCA development. Our study included 91 patients diagnosed with BCA and 91 healthy controls. eNOS 4VNTR (4a/b), T786C and G894T gene variations genotype distributions were determined by PCR and RFLP methods. The significant difference was determined between these groups in terms of eNOS T786C and eNOS G894T gene variations genotype distributions ( p  < 0.05). TT genotype for G894T gene variation and CC genotype for T786C gene variation were detected higher in patients...

Copper a quintessential transitional metal is required for development and function of normal brain and its deficiency has been associated with impairments in brain function. The present study investigates the effects of dietary copper deficiency on brain sub-regions of male Wistar rats for 2-, 4- and 6-week. Pre-pubertal rats were divided into four groups: negative control (NC), copper control (CC), pairfed (PF) and copper deficient (CD). In brain sub regions total protein concentration, glutathione concentration and Cu-Zn SOD activity were down regulated after 2-, 4- and 6 weeks compared to controls and PF groups...

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited cardiac disorder characterised by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of abnormal loading conditions. The global prevalence of HCM is estimated to be 1 in 250 in the general population. It is caused due to mutations in genes coding for sarcomeric proteins. α-tropomyosin (TPM1) is an important protein in the sarcomeric thin filament which regulates sarcomere contraction. Mutations in TPM1 are known to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction...

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used flavour enhancer. A daily intake of MSG at high dosage (2000-4000 mg/kg body weight) is reported to be toxic to humans and experimental animals. The present study aims to investigate the toxic effect of oral administration of MSG at low concentrations (30 and 100 mg/kg body weight) by evaluating biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation in blood; expression of neuroinflammatory gene and histopathological changes in brain on male Wistar rats...

Irisin, is a new myokine, considered a favorable metabolic factor and inversely associated with non-communicable diseases. The biological activities of irisin are currently unknown; however, they include browning white adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Triglyceride glucose index is a notable insulin resistance marker that predicts the risk of metabolic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. The study aimed to evaluate the relation of irisin and Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) in young adults to assess the cardiovascular risk...

Among the premenopausal women, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy affecting the reproductive system and metabolic rhythms leading to disrupted menstrual cycle. Being heterogeneous in nature it is characterized by complex symptomology of oligomennorhoea, excess of androgens triggering masculine phenotypic appearance and/or multiple follicular ovaries. The etiology of this complex disorder remains somewhat doubtful and the researchers hypothesize multisystem links in the pathogenesis of this disease...

UNLABELLED: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is one of the most widely studied genes for the Tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Several studies have been conducted to establish some association between them but most of the time they are contradictory and underpowered. So, a trial sequential meta-analysis between VDR gene polymorphisms and TB susceptibility can provide a better understanding of the relationship. A meta-analysis was carried out using a total of 17 case-control studies which includes Fok1 (14 Studies), Bsm1 (8 Studies), Apa1 (8 Studies) and Taq1 (12 Studies) polymorphisms in the VDR gene searched from Pubmed and Google Scholar...

Diabetes mellitus is a set of complex metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemic condition due to defective insulin secretion (Type 1) and action (Type 2), which leads to serious micro and macro-vascular damage, inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress and a deranged energy homeostasis due to imbalance in the glucose and lipid metabolism. Moreover, patient with diabetes mellitus often showed the nervous system disorders known as diabetic encephalopathy. The precise pathological mechanism of diabetic encephalopathy by which it effects the central nervous system directly or indirectly causing the cognitive and motor impairment, is not completely understood...

The insertion/deletion, I/D polymorphism, in the gene encoding Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, ACE is a popular genetic marker for cardiovascular disease, CVD. With alarming rise in diabetes, the risk of CVD among Indian subjects is further enhanced. The present study explored the role of ACE I/D polymorphism, rs4340 as a genetic marker and its association with diabetes. Genomic DNA, isolated from a cohort of 410 urban subjects attending our hospital, was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by electrophoresis...

In this study, it was aimed to assess effects of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) on bone metabolism using osteoprotegerin (OPG), sclerostin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and biochemical parameters. This cross-sectional prospective study included 40 patients with SH and 40 euthyroid controls. Serum OPG, sclerostin, DKK-1, type-1 procollagen, C-terminal polypeptide (CTx) and 24-hours urine N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) were measures using ELISA kit. Bone mineral density measurements were performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)...

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Heparin-binding protein is a serine protease that is mobilized rapidly from emigrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes that acts as a chemoattractant activator of monocyte and macrophages. We investigated the potential role and efficacy of serum and cerebrospinal fluid heparin binding protein in differentiating bacterial meningitis from tuberculosis and viral meningitis. A case diagnosed with acute bacterial meningitis (n:37), viral meningitis (n:30) and tuberculous meningitis (n:30) was included in this study...

UNLABELLED: Meningioma is a common brain tumour which has neither a specific detection nor treatment method. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) cell signaling pathway is a crucial regulatory pathway of mammalian organogenesis and tumorigenesis including meningioma. Shh cell signalling pathway cascade function by main transcription factor Gli1 and which further regulates in its downstream to Pax6 and Nkx2.2. This current study is aimed to explore the regulation of the Sonic hedgehog-Gli1 cell signaling pathway and its potential downstream targets in meningioma samples...

Excessive dietary fat is mainly responsible for metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We have evaluated the role of Vitamin C in an experimental hyperlipidemic model of rats (male Wistar rat 12-16 months). The hyperlipidemic model of the rat was created by treatment with an atherogenic suspension: cholesterol, cholic acid, and coconut oil, for 30 days once daily, and supplemented with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) doses of 0.5 g/kg body weight (orally) for the 30 days once daily...

Phenotypic expression of metabolic syndrome is precipitated by environmental variables along with the individual genetic susceptibility to the obesogenic environment and growing body of evidence suggest a paramount role of adipocytokines. Therefore, identifying the genetic influence on circulation leptin levels and clarifying genotype-phenotype correlation of rs1137101 {Leptin receptor gene (LEPR) Gln223Arg (Q223R; A668G)} in metabolic syndrome were the primary objective of this study. A total of 447 adult participants, including 214 metabolic syndrome patients and 233 healthy controls, were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to unravel the effects of genetic risk loci {Leptin receptor gene; Gln223Arg (Q223R; A668G); rs1137101} on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in consort with circulation leptin levels...

UNLABELLED: The efficacy of chemotherapeutics in the treatment of breast cancer is limited by cardiotoxicity, which could lead to irreversible heart failure. The evaluation of miRNA levels as a vital biomarker could predict cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy. According to our previous meta-analysis study on patients with heart failure, we found that miR-3135b had a significant increase in patients with heart failure. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the expression level of miR-3135b in the blood sample of patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity...

UNLABELLED: The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 infection can activate innate and adaptive immune responses which may lead to harmful tissue damage, both locally and systemically. C3, a member of complement system of serum proteins, is a major component of innate immune and inflammatory responses. This study is aimed to assess serum C3 as a marker of COVID-19 severity and a predictor of disease progression. A total of 150 COVID-19 patients, confirmed by RT-PCR, and 50 healthy controls were recruited...

Blood steroid profile is a recently introduced test in India that is commercially available through a few diagnostic laboratories. In adult women, ACTH-stimulated steroid panel helps to differentiate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from nonclassical forms of CAH. However, the interpretation of ACTH-stimulated steroid panels is often impeded by the limited availability of reference ranges. Here, we report the adrenal steroid levels after stimulation with Acton Prolongatum in Asian Indian women of reproductive age...