Analytical and Quantitative Cytology and Histology

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of micronuclei and metanucleated anomalies in the oral mucosa of smokers, alcoholic smokers, and nonsmokers. STUDY DESIGN: Three groups were studied: group I, 15 smokers; group II, 16 alcoholic smokers; and group III, 20 nonsmokers. Three smears from the lateral left border of the tongue were processed for Feulgen staining. A minimum of 300 cells per participant were examined for the quantification of micronuclei and metanucleated anomalies...

OBJECTIVE: To establish the karyometric characteristics of the two main nuclear phenotypes in cutaneous squamous cell cancer (cSCC) lesions. STUDY DESIGN: The clinical materials comprised 75 cases of cSCC, 38 with aggressive lesions and 37 with nonaggressive lesions. High-resolution images of 100 nuclei per case were recorded. Data were partitioned into four subgroups covering the range of lesion progression. Four discriminant functions were derived to distinguish aggressive from nonaggressive lesions...

BACKGROUND: Nested variant of urothelial carcinoma (NVUC) is a rare and often unrecognized urothelial neoplasia. Diagnosis is based on morphology only, and no immunohistochemical or cytogenetic differences from usual high-grade urothelial carcinomas have been reported. CASE: We describe the case of a 49-year-old woman affected by hepatitis C virus presented with fever, discomfort, urgency, and hypertension. Computed tomography showed a sclerosing inflammatory process involving the connective and adipose tissue of the renal sinus...

OBJECTIVE: To use a commercially available artificial neural network (ANN) software program to distinguish prognostically good and bad cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). STUDY DESIGN: A total of 40 patients with CML who developed blast crisis or proceeded in the accelerated phase were selected. They formed two groups, group 1 and group 2, of 20 patients each, who developed accelerated phase or blast crisis within 18 months or 30 months, respectively, after the initial diagnosis of the chronic phase of CML...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate capability of combination of learning vector quantizer (LVQ) neural networks (NNs) in discrimination of benign from malignant thyroid lesions. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 335 liquid-based cytology, fine needle aspiration (FNA), Papanicolaou-stained specimens. All cases were compared to the histologic diagnosis. Features describing size, shape, and texture of -100 nuclei per case were extracted from cytologic images using a custom image analysis system...

OBJECTIVE: To explore biomolecular characteristics of a group of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma from European (Spanish) hospitals, addressing the pathogenesis of the tumor and the response to treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Cyclin D1 and p16 expression were evaluated immunohistochemically in 33 tissue samples of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CCDN1 gene amplification and p16 gene deletion were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Patient clinical data were examined, and tissues were evaluated histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the specificity of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA testing for intraepithelial precursor lesions and invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix in 358 women and compare the results with those of the most widely used DNA technique. STUDY DESIGN: For HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing an amplification assay was used. For DNA determination a hybridization assay was applied. Both techniques were used simultaneously in patients with normal morphology (150), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (173) and invasive carcinoma of the cervix (35)...

OBJECTIVE: To use flow cytometry to screen cervical samples for the overexpression of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 mRNA and compare the performance of this assay with an HPV DNA array for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical samples were analyzed for HPV DNA by clinical arrays, and the overexpression of E6 and E7 viral oncogenes was monitored using an HPV mRNA detection kit that quantifies the intracellular HPV E6 and E7 mRNA on a cell-by-cell basis...

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BACKGROUND: The histologic type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be an important factor in the prognosis. The effects, if any, of the degree of cellular pleomorphism is uncertain. CASE: In this report, we present a case of nonkeratinizing, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with monstrous tumor giant cells. An extremely high level of aneuploidy and dense cytoplasmic accumulation of Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen were found in tumor cells. The patient was treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy...

OBJECTIVE: To validate the fast and accurate flow cytometric (FCM) protocol using blood-standardized antibodies for alveolar lymphocyte subtyping with respect to standard immunocytochemistry (IC). STUDY DESIGN: FCM and IC were applied to immunophenotype T cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with interstitial lung diseases. Diagnostic BAL specimens from 50 patients with suspected sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis were evaluated by both IC and FCM...

OBJECTIVE: To differentiate endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) from endometrial adenocarcinoma (EMA) using p16INK4a, p21WAF1 and p27Kip1. STUDY DESIGN: The distinction between ECA and EMA can be problematic on small biopsies or in advanced tumor stage. Immunohistochemistry was done on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of hysterectomy specimens of all types of ECA and EMA. Protein expression was scored as 0 to 3 depending on percentage of positive tumor cells. RESULTS: A total of 40 ECA and 92 EMA cases were examined...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between MUC1 (Ma695) and noninvasive papillary urothelial neoplasm according to the 2004 World Health Organization classification. STUDY DESIGN: Histologic evaluation was performed in 46 patients with nontumoral benign bladder urothelium (n = 11), papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (n = 14), low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (LgPUC) (n = 11), and noninvasive high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (HgPUC) (n = 10)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess cytogenetic abnormalities through quantification of micronuclei, broken eggs, and karyorrhexis, in cells from normal oral mucosa of individuals exposed to carcinogens (alcohol and tobacco) and adjacent to leukoplakias and squamous cell carcinomas. STUDY DESIGN: The sample was composed of 40 subjects aged > 30 years, divided into four groups: control, alcohol/tobacco, leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma. For control and alcohol/tobacco groups, cells were collected from lower lip, tongue border, and floor of the mouth...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of computing three-dimensional (3-D) nuclear texture features on prostate biopsy specimens to discriminate among benign, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and malignant specimens. STUDY DESIGN: Twelve prostate cancer biopsy specimens were selected, diagnosed as either benign (N = 4), PIN (N = 4), or malignant (N = 4). Sections 14 microm thick were stained. 3-D image stacks of selected benign and malignant areas were obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and analyzed off-line using in-house-developed software for 3-D semiautomated segmentation and calculation of texture features...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficiency of the developed expert system based on a set of qualitative signs of cell atypia and their weighting coefficients in the differential diagnosis of follicular cancer and follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty cytologic preparations of patients with histologic diagnosis of a follicular cancer and follicular adenoma were investigated. RESULTS: Weighting coefficients for each sign of atypia for both forms of pathology have been calculated with the help of the deduced equation...

OBJECTIVE: To develop a quantitative means to measure lung inflammation using the murine models of chronic asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). STUDY DESIGN: Translational-based medicine often utilizes animal models to study new and innovative therapeutics. In asthma and CF, the animal models focus on airway inflammation and remodeling. The asthma model is based on hypersensitivity-induced airway disease, whereas the CF model focuses on the inflammatory response to infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis in differentiating primary myelofibrosis (PMF) from secondary myelofibrosis (MF). STUDY DESIGN: CD34 immunostaining was performed on BM biopsies from 21 PMFs, 23 non-PMF myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) with associated MF, 20 secondary MF samples, and 10 nonfibrotic controls. Microvessel density (MVD) and microvessel surface area (MSA), along with blood and BM findings were compared between the groups...

OBJECTIVE: To give to the clinician an objective numerical assessment tool to evaluate melanomas so that a diagnosis can be reached with the assistance of computerized procedures. STUDY DESIGN: The approach adopted for differential diagnosis of melanomas and nevi considers diverse morphologic characteristics intrinsic to the lesions, that is, shape, size, and symmetry in total independence of pigmentation, and proposes that this information can be evaluated quantitatively and separately by morphometric procedures with statistically valid independent numeric variables that guarantee objectivity and, from a method point of view, consistency...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the immunoexpression of clusterin (CLU) in the progression of cervical neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 127 paraffin sections of cervical tissue consisting of normal cervical tissue, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions, cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and adenocarcinoma of the cervix were examined by immunohistochemistry. The findings were evaluated in relation to clinicopathologic factors including grade of differentiation and lymph node involvement...