journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37966983/mental-health-criminal-defenses-in-persons-with-neuropsychiatric-disorders
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard L Frierson, Kaustubh G Joshi
Persons with neuropsychiatric disorders present specific and unique challenges for forensic experts and defense attorneys in the criminal justice system. This article reviews two potential criminal defenses: legal insanity and the various legal standards or tests of criminal responsibility that are used in jurisdictions throughout the United States (i.e., the M'Naghten standard and the American Law Institute's Model Penal Code), and the partial legal defense of diminished capacity (lacking the mental state necessary to be found guilty of a specific intent crime)...
November 15, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37823614/life-or-death-a-qualitative-examination-of-mitigating-and-aggravating-evidence-presented-in-capital-trials
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Bell Holleran
The US Supreme Court has required that death penalty procedures narrow the class of persons eligible for a death sentence. Through the selection requirement, juries must use mitigating and aggravating evidence jointly to determine if a defendant is one of the worst of the worst, resulting in a sentence of life without parole or death. This study analyzed capital trial transcripts from the punishment phase to assess the type and amount of mitigating and aggravating evidence presented to jurors in cases resulting in life without parole and death...
October 12, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37155591/introduction-to-special-issue-on-advances-in-forensic-mental-health-assessment
#23
EDITORIAL
Wade C Myers, Alan R Felthous
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 8, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37134138/exploring-the-nature-and-prevalence-of-targeted-violence-perpetrated-by-persons-found-not-criminally-responsible-on-account-of-mental-disorder
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madison F E Almond, Tonia L Nicholls, Karen L Petersen, Michael C Seto, Anne G Crocker
Although mental illness has a demonstrated link with violence, the prevalence of targeted (planned and goal-directed) violence perpetrated by individuals with mental illness and its association with psychiatric symptoms is relatively unexplored. File information was compared for all 293 individuals found not criminally responsible due to mental illness in British Columbia between 2001 and 2005, of whom 19% had committed targeted violence. Most individuals with targeted offenses displayed at least one warning behavior before their offense (93%); all displayed delusions and approximately one third exhibited hallucinations...
May 3, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37079611/relations-between-peer-influence-perceived-costs-versus-benefits-and-sexual-offending-among-adolescents-aware-of-sex-offender-registration-risk
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cynthia J Najdowski, Hayley M D Cleary, Paige M Oja
A policy's general deterrent effect requires would-be offenders to be aware of the policy, yet many adolescents do not know they could be registered as sex offenders, and even adolescents who do know may still commit registerable sexual offenses. We tested whether peer influences shape the perceived costs/benefits of certain sexual offenses and, subsequently, registration policy's general deterrent potential in a sample of policy-aware adolescents. The more adolescents believed their peers approve of sexting of nude images, the more likely they were to have sexted...
April 20, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37076959/dsm-5-tr-diagnosis-as-a-guide-to-suicide-risk-assessment
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alan R Felthous, Neha Kulkarni, Catalina Belean
A specific mental disorder can itself constitute a risk factor for a completed suicide. Even more important, the disorder is typically a modifiable risk factor which informs its own treatment. Recent editions of the DSM have included "suicide subsections" for specific mental disorders and conditions in which the risks of suicidal thoughts and behaviors for the disorder are noted in the literature. The DSM-5-TR can therefore serve as a compendium to be referred to for initial guidance as to whether a specific disorder could contribute to the risk...
April 19, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37056195/evaluations-of-competence-to-stand-trial-are-evolving-amid-a-national-competency-crisis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel C Murrie, W Neil Gowensmith, Lauren E Kois, Ira K Packer
Across the United States, court orders for competence to stand trial (CST) evaluations and competence restoration services have been increasing much more rapidly than states can provide these services, prompting what has been called a national "competency crisis." The challenge in providing timely competence restoration services has, in several jurisdictions, prompted a change in competence evaluations. Evaluators are more often required to address broader clinical issues-such as recommending placement or addressing the urgency of hospitalization-rather than addressing only CST...
April 13, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37010094/the-forensic-assessment-of-dissociation-distinguishing-real-from-the-unreal
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charles L Scott, Amanie M Salem, William W Tindell, Hunter K Neely, Austin W Blum
Because a wide range of disorders incorporate dissociative symptoms, evaluators should be familiar with evidence-based approaches to evaluating dissociation claims in the clinical and forensic context. This article provides specific guidelines for practitioners when conducting a forensic assessment of individuals who report dissociative symptoms. We review the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition disorders that include dissociation as a symptom, highlight how to distinguish genuine versus atypical symptoms of dissociative identity disorder, and summarize strengths and weaknesses of structured assessments in the evaluation of dissociative claims...
April 3, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36965143/examiners-perceptions-of-forensic-mental-health-assessments-conducted-via-videoconferencing
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Josie Skala, Jacob X Chavez, Katelin Anderson, Chinmoy Gulrajani
The COVID-19 pandemic led to an acceleration in the adoption of videoconferencing (VC) for conducting forensic mental health evaluations (forensic mental health assessments [FMHA]). Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we administered a survey to 71 Minnesota-licensed forensic evaluators. Approximately two-thirds (65.7%) had started using VC for FMHA only after the pandemic, though a combined 84.5% reported performing FMHA via VC frequently at present. A striking 43.7% of respondents preferred VC for FMHA over in-person evaluation, and another 22...
March 25, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36960891/serial-sexual-murder-by-juveniles-and-the-role-of-sexual-sadism-an-international-study
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wade C Myers, Mark Safarik, Heng Choon Oliver Chan, Enzo Yaksic
This is a descriptive study of 21 cases of serial sexual murder by children and adolescents spanning nearly the past century and a half. No earlier cases worldwide were identified. Each of these youth committed two or more sexual homicides prior to age 18. Their psychopathological, psychosocial, crime scene behaviors, and offender-victim relationship characteristics are presented. Additionally, the role of sexual sadism and its measurement using the SADSEX-SH rating scale is addressed. Nearly all of the sample had conduct disorder, a paraphilic disorder, and sadistic fantasies, and two-thirds had sexual sadism disorder...
March 24, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36941531/mind-the-past-a-systematic-review-on-psychological-autopsy
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Federico Pacchioni, Marta Bosia, Giulia Moretti, Cristiano Barbieri, Silvia Bellumore, Guido Travaini
Psychological Autopsy (PA) has become widespread to the point of being applied in many diverse fields. However, it is difficult to identify a standard model. In this systematic review, we focused on PA studies assessing mental illness as a major risk factor for suicide. The research, performed on Scopus, Embase, and Pubmed to cover the last 20 years led to 321 reports of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. Results confirmed mental illness as the main risk factor for suicide, followed by specific socio-demographic factors and life events...
March 20, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36938899/structured-instruments-for-insanity-defense-evaluations-opportunities-and-limitations
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giovanna Parmigiani, Gabriele Mandarelli, Gerben Meynen, Stefano Ferracuti
Insanity evaluations are often criticized for their-alleged-lack of objectivity, reliability and transparency. Structured tools to guide and support forensic evaluators during these evaluations have been developed-but they are rarely employed in forensic practice. In the present article, we consider the value of these tools for forensic practice in terms of opportunities and limitations. First, we briefly describe different insanity criteria used in Western countries. Next, we will review five structured instruments to guide insanity assessment together with their performance measures...
March 20, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36934388/forensic-assessment-instruments-their-reliability-and-applicability-to-criminal-forensic-issues
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard Rogers, Kamar Y Tazi, Eric Y Drogin
Forensic evaluations have advanced considerably with the development of specialized measures validated on forensic and correctional samples. Prior to this progress, such evaluations relied heavily on extrapolations from general psychological tests to crucial, legally relevant questions. Since then, decades of empirical work have produced forensic assessment instruments (FAIs) addressing psycholegal standards in addition to forensically relevant instruments (FRIs) examining issues central to forensic practice (e...
March 19, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36898979/risk-resilience-and-recovery-in-forensic-mental-health-an-integrated-conceptual-model
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie R Penney, Suraya Faziluddin, Alexander I F Simpson, Patti Socha, Treena Wilkie
In this paper we describe a novel, integrated conceptual model that brings together core elements across structured tools assessing risk for future violence, protective factors, and progress in treatment and recovery in forensic mental health settings. We argue that the value of such a model lies in its ability to improve clinical efficiencies and streamline assessment protocols, facilitate meaningful participation of patients in assessment and treatment planning activities and increase the accessibility of clinical assessments to principal users of this information...
March 10, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36893020/from-below-chance-to-a-single-error-is-one-too-many-evaluating-various-thresholds-for-invalid-performance-on-two-forced-choice-recognition-tests
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laszlo A Erdodi
This study was designed to empirically evaluate the classification accuracy of various definitions of invalid performance in two forced-choice recognition performance validity tests (PVTs; FCRCVLT-II and Test of Memory Malingering [TOMM-2]). The proportion of at and below chance level responding defined by the binomial theory and making any errors was computed across two mixed clinical samples from the United States and Canada (N = 470) and two sets of criterion PVTs. There was virtually no overlap between the binomial and empirical distributions...
March 9, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36893019/evaluating-the-hcr-20-v3-violence-risk-assessment-measure-with-mentally-disordered-offenders-and-civil-psychiatric-patients-in-china
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yifan Chen, Kevin S Douglas, Zhuo Zhang, Cunli Xiao, Haiyan Wang, Yuhao Wang, Ai Ma
The current prospective risk assessment study evaluated the application of the Chinese translation of the Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 Version 3 (HCR-20V3 ) in a sample of 152 offenders with mental disorders and civil psychiatric patients. The ratings of the presence and relevance of risk factors were compared, as well as summary risk ratings (SRRs), both across offenders and civil psychiatric patients, and across male and female sub-samples. Interrater reliability was consistently "excellent" for the presence and relevance of risk factors and for SRRs...
March 9, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36869399/prediction-of-violence-part-contagious-disease-part-unpredictable-individual-is-a-public-health-assessment-approach-an-additional-option-and-at-what-cost
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryan C W Hall, Gregory Iannuzzi
On a population level, violence shares many similarities with communicable disease states and other public health issues. Therefore, there has been a push to apply public health interventions to the problem of societal violence and for some to even identify violence as the product of a disease state (e.g., changed brain). This conceptualization could lead to the development of new risk violence assessment tools and approaches predicated more on the public health model rather than existing instruments that have often been based on inpatient mental health populations or incarcerated populations...
March 3, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36866414/falling-through-the-cracks-failing-to-identify-compromised-miranda-abilities-for-defendants-with-limited-cognitive-capacities
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kamar Y Tazi, Richard Rogers
Custodial suspects must be informed of their Miranda rights (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966) prior to police questioning. Since this landmark decision, scholars have rigorously studied Miranda comprehension and reasoning among vulnerable groups including those with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, the focus on ID has left arrestees with limited cognitive capacities (i.e., LCCs with IQs between 70 and 85) entirely overlooked. The current dataset addressed this oversight using a large (N = 820) sample of pretrial defendants who had completed the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities (SAMA)...
March 2, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36683117/examining-the-effect-of-prison-time-on-landlords-willingness-to-rent-to-exonerees-a-test-of-the-stigma-by-association-framework
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leah Hamovitch, Samantha Pejic, Lesley Zannella, Jason C Deska
Researchers posit that stigma-by-association may account for the discrimination that exonerees experience post-release. Exonerees who serve a longer prison sentence may experience more stigma than exonerees who spent less time in prison. Across two studies, we examined whether criminal history (exoneree, releasee, or control) or prison time (5 or 25 years) impacted landlords' willingness to rent their apartment. Authors responded to one-bedroom apartment listings in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, inquiring about unit availability...
January 22, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36642865/violence-risk-assessment-of-sovereign-citizens-an-exploratory-examination-of-the-hcr-20-version-3-and-the-trap-18
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lee M Vargen, Darin J Challacombe
Sovereign Citizens comprise an understudied right-wing extremist movement in the United States who have grown in notoriety in recent years due to several high-profile instances of violence. Despite this, little empirical research has been conducted on Sovereign Citizens, including research on assessing their risk for violence. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend a prior study on Sovereign Citizen violence. Using open-source data, we added several new cases to a pre-existing dataset of violent and non-violent Sovereign Citizen incidents, yielding a total sample of 107 cases, 69 of which were scored using the HCR-20V3 , and 83 of which were scored using the TRAP-18...
January 15, 2023: Behavioral Sciences & the Law
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