journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37906942/kidney-specific-interleukin-17-responses-during-infection-and-injury
#21
REVIEW
Doureradjou Peroumal, Partha S Biswas
The kidneys are life-sustaining organs that are vital to removing waste from our body. Because of their anatomic position and high blood flow, the kidneys are vulnerable to damage due to infections and autoinflammatory conditions. Even now, our knowledge of immune responses in the kidney is surprisingly rudimentary. Studying kidney-specific immune events are challenging because of the poor regenerative capacity of the nephrons, accumulation of uremic toxins, and hypoxia- and arterial blood pressure-mediated changes, all of which have unexpected positive or negative impacts on the immune response in the kidney...
October 31, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37827174/immune-responses-in-controllers-of-hiv-infection
#22
REVIEW
Abena K Kwaa, Joel N Blankson
Elite controllers are a heterogeneous group of people living with HIV who control viral replication without antiretroviral therapy. There is substantial evidence that at least some elite controllers are infected with replication-competent virus, thus they may serve as a model of a functional cure of HIV. The mechanisms responsible for virologic control have been actively studied. The most objective data support CD8+ T cell-based mechanisms of control, but other immune responses, mediated by antibodies and natural killer cells, may also play a role in controlling viral replication...
October 12, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37788477/peeking-into-the-black-box-of-t-cell-receptor-signaling
#23
REVIEW
Arthur Weiss
I have spent more than the last 40 years at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), studying T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. I was blessed with supportive mentors, an exceptionally talented group of trainees, and wonderful collaborators and colleagues during my journey who have enabled me to make significant contributions to our understanding of how the TCR initiates signaling. TCR signaling events contribute to T cell development as well as to mature T cell activation and differentiation...
October 3, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37126422/rna-modification-in-the-immune-system
#24
REVIEW
Dali Han, Meng Michelle Xu
Characterization of RNA modifications has identified their distribution features and molecular functions. Dynamic changes in RNA modification on various forms of RNA are essential for the development and function of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the value of innovative RNA modification profiling technologies to uncover the function of these diverse, dynamic RNA modifications in various immune cells within healthy and diseased contexts. Further, we explore our current understanding of the mechanisms whereby aberrant RNA modifications modulate the immune milieu of the tumor microenvironment and point out outstanding research questions...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37126421/origin-and-heterogeneity-of-tissue-myeloid-cells-a-focus-on-gmp-derived-monocytes-and-neutrophils
#25
REVIEW
Lai Guan Ng, Zhaoyuan Liu, Immanuel Kwok, Florent Ginhoux
Myeloid cells are a significant proportion of leukocytes within tissues, comprising granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. With the identification of various myeloid cells that perform separate but complementary functions during homeostasis and disease, our understanding of tissue myeloid cells has evolved significantly. Exciting findings from transcriptomics profiling and fate-mapping mouse models have facilitated the identification of their developmental origins, maturation, and tissue-specific specializations...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37126420/modeling-t-cell-fate
#26
REVIEW
Rob J De Boer, Andrew J Yates
Many of the pathways that underlie the diversification of naive T cells into effector and memory subsets, and the maintenance of these populations, remain controversial. In recent years a variety of experimental tools have been developed that allow us to follow the fates of cells and their descendants. In this review we describe how mathematical models provide a natural language for describing the growth, loss, and differentiation of cell populations. By encoding mechanistic descriptions of cell behavior, models can help us interpret these new datasets and reveal the rules underpinning T cell fate decisions, both at steady state and during immune responses...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37126419/systems-immunology-approaches-to-metabolism
#27
REVIEW
Denis A Mogilenko, Alexey Sergushichev, Maxim N Artyomov
Over the last decade, immunometabolism has emerged as a novel interdisciplinary field of research and yielded significant fundamental insights into the regulation of immune responses. Multiple classical approaches to interrogate immunometabolism, including bulk metabolic profiling and analysis of metabolic regulator expression, paved the way to appreciating the physiological complexity of immunometabolic regulation in vivo. Studying immunometabolism at the systems level raised the need to transition towards the next-generation technology for metabolic profiling and analysis...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37126418/interfering-with-interferons-a-critical-mechanism-for-critical-covid-19-pneumonia
#28
REVIEW
Helen C Su, Huie Jing, Yu Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in clinical outcomes ranging from silent or benign infection in most individuals to critical pneumonia and death in a few. Genetic studies in patients have established that critical cases can result from inborn errors of TLR3- or TLR7-dependent type I interferon immunity, or from preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing primarily IFN-α and/or IFN-ω. These findings are consistent with virological studies showing that multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins interfere with pathways of induction of, or response to, type I interferons...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37126417/extremely-differentiated-t-cell-subsets-contribute-to-tissue-deterioration-during-aging
#29
REVIEW
Gonzalo Soto-Heredero, Manuel M Gómez de Las Heras, J Ignacio Escrig-Larena, María Mittelbrunn
There is a dramatic remodeling of the T cell compartment during aging. The most notorious changes are the reduction of the naive T cell pool and the accumulation of memory-like T cells. Memory-like T cells in older people acquire a phenotype of terminally differentiated cells, lose the expression of costimulatory molecules, and acquire properties of senescent cells. In this review, we focus on the different subsets of age-associated T cells that accumulate during aging. These subsets include extremely cytotoxic T cells with natural killer properties, exhausted T cells with altered cytokine production, and regulatory T cells that gain proinflammatory features...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37126416/not-dead-yet
#30
REVIEW
Betty Diamond
I have been a scientific grasshopper throughout my career, moving from question to question within the domain of lupus. This has proven to be immensely gratifying. Scientific exploration is endlessly fascinating, and succeeding in studies you care about with colleagues and trainees leads to strong and lasting bonds. Science isn't easy; being a woman in science presents challenges, but the drive to understand a disease remains strong.
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36854182/systemic-lupus-erythematosus-pathogenesis-interferon-and-beyond
#31
REVIEW
Simone Caielli, Zurong Wan, Virginia Pascual
Autoreactive B cells and interferons are central players in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. The partial success of drugs targeting these pathways, however, supports heterogeneity in upstream mechanisms contributing to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on recent insights from genetic and immune monitoring studies of patients that are refining our understanding of these basic mechanisms. Among them, novel mutations in genes affecting intrinsic B cell activation or clearance of interferogenic nucleic acids have been described...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36750319/effector-triggered-immunity
#32
REVIEW
Brenna C Remick, Moritz M Gaidt, Russell E Vance
The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here we consider an additional strategy of pathogen sensing called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI involves detection of pathogen-encoded virulence factors, also called effectors. Pathogens produce effectors to manipulate hosts to create a replicative niche and/or block host immunity. Unlike PAMPs, effectors are often diverse and rapidly evolving and can thus be unsuitable targets for direct detection by germline-encoded receptors...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36750318/complement-in-the-brain-contributions-to-neuroprotection-neuronal-plasticity-and-neuroinflammation
#33
REVIEW
Suzanne S Bohlson, Andrea J Tenner
The complement system is an ancient collection of proteolytic cascades with well-described roles in regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. With the convergence of a revolution in complement-directed clinical therapeutics, the discovery of specific complement-associated targetable pathways in the central nervous system, and the development of integrated multi-omic technologies that have all emerged over the last 15 years, precision therapeutic targeting in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative diseases and processes appears to be within reach...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36750317/tgf-%C3%AE-regulation-of-t-cells
#34
REVIEW
WanJun Chen
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine regulating the development, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of T cells. In CD4+ T cells, TGF-β maintains the quiescence and controls the activation of naive T cells. While inhibiting the differentiation and function of Th1 and Th2 cells, TGF-β promotes the differentiation of Th17 and Th9 cells. TGF-β is required for the induction of Foxp3 in naive T cells and the development of regulatory T cells. TGF-β is crucial in the differentiation of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells and their retention in the tissue, whereas it suppresses effector T cell function...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36750316/immune-mechanisms-in-inflammatory-anemia
#35
REVIEW
Susan P Canny, Susana L Orozco, Natalie K Thulin, Jessica A Hamerman
Maintaining the correct number of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) is critical for proper oxygenation of tissues throughout the body. Therefore, RBC homeostasis is a tightly controlled balance between RBC production and RBC clearance, through the processes of erythropoiesis and macrophage hemophagocytosis, respectively. However, during the inflammation associated with infectious, autoimmune, or inflammatory diseases this homeostatic process is often dysregulated, leading to acute or chronic anemia. In each disease setting, multiple mechanisms typically contribute to the development of inflammatory anemia, impinging on both sides of the RBC production and RBC clearance equation...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36750315/structural-mechanisms-of-nlrp3-inflammasome-assembly-and-activation
#36
REVIEW
Jianing Fu, Hao Wu
As an important sensor in the innate immune system, NLRP3 detects exogenous pathogenic invasions and endogenous cellular damage and responds by forming the NLRP3 inflammasome, a supramolecular complex that activates caspase-1. The three major components of the NLRP3 inflammasome are NLRP3, which captures the danger signals and recruits downstream molecules; caspase-1, which elicits maturation of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and processing of gasdermin D to mediate cytokine release and pyroptosis; and ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), which functions as a bridge connecting NLRP3 and caspase-1...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36750314/t-cell-responses-to-sars-cov-2
#37
REVIEW
Alessandro Sette, John Sidney, Shane Crotty
A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 and CD8 T cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early T cell responses have been associated with mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert with animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody responses are key to prevent infection, T cell responses may also play valuable roles in reducing disease severity and controlling infection...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36737597/il-4-and-il-13-regulators-and-effectors-of-wound-repair
#38
REVIEW
Judith E Allen
Type 2 immunity mediates protective responses to helminths and pathological responses to allergens, but it also has broad roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity, including wound repair. Type 2 cytokines are known to promote fibrosis, an overzealous repair response, but their contribution to healthy wound repair is less well understood. This review discusses the evidence that the canonical type 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are integral to the tissue repair process through two main pathways. First, essential for the progression of effective tissue repair, IL-4 and IL-13 suppress the initial inflammatory response to injury...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36737596/ige-ige-receptors-and-anti-ige-biologics-protein-structures-and-mechanisms-of-action
#39
REVIEW
J M McDonnell, B Dhaliwal, B J Sutton, H J Gould
The evolution of IgE in mammals added an extra layer of immune protection at body surfaces to provide a rapid and local response against antigens from the environment. The IgE immune response employs potent expulsive and inflammatory forces against local antigen provocation, at the risk of damaging host tissues and causing allergic disease. Two well-known IgE receptors, the high-affinity FcεRI and low-affinity CD23, mediate the activities of IgE. Unlike other known antibody receptors, CD23 also regulates IgE expression, maintaining IgE homeostasis...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36716750/host-recovery-from-respiratory-viral-infection
#40
REVIEW
Xiaoqin Wei, Harish Narasimhan, Bibo Zhu, Jie Sun
Emerging and re-emerging respiratory viral infections pose a tremendous threat to human society, as exemplified by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Upon viral invasion of the respiratory tract, the host initiates coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against the virus and to promote repair of the damaged tissue. However, dysregulated host immunity can also cause acute morbidity, hamper lung regeneration, and/or lead to chronic tissue sequelae. Here, we review our current knowledge of the immune mechanisms regulating antiviral protection, host pathogenesis, inflammation resolution, and lung regeneration following respiratory viral infections, mainly using influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections as examples...
April 26, 2023: Annual Review of Immunology
journal
journal
28653
2
3
Fetch more papers »
Fetching more papers... Fetching...
Remove bar
Read by QxMD icon Read
×

Save your favorite articles in one place with a free QxMD account.

×

Search Tips

Use Boolean operators: AND/OR

diabetic AND foot
diabetes OR diabetic

Exclude a word using the 'minus' sign

Virchow -triad

Use Parentheses

water AND (cup OR glass)

Add an asterisk (*) at end of a word to include word stems

Neuro* will search for Neurology, Neuroscientist, Neurological, and so on

Use quotes to search for an exact phrase

"primary prevention of cancer"
(heart or cardiac or cardio*) AND arrest -"American Heart Association"

We want to hear from doctors like you!

Take a second to answer a survey question.