Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

In order to cure a range of ailments, scientists have investigated a number of bioactive antioxidant compounds produced from natural sources. Mangiferin, a C-glycosyl xanthone-structured yellow polyphenol, is abundant in mangoes and other dietary sources. In-depth examinations found that it is effective in the treatment of a variety of disorders due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antigenotoxic, antiatherogenic, radioprotective, nephroprotective, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic properties...

Plants have long been at the main focus of the medical industry's attention due to their extensive list of biological and therapeutic properties and ethnobotanical applications. Catharanthus roseus, sometimes referred to as Nithyakalyani in Tamil, is an Apocynaceae family member used in traditional Indian medicine. It also examines the plant's potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as its preliminary phytochemical makeup. Leaf material from C. roseus was analyzed and found to include a variety of phytochemicals including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, glycosides, quinones, and steroids...

Due to its spore-forming ability, Bacillus coagulans has advantages over the other non-spore-forming probiotics. Among them, survival and stability during food processing and storage, resistance to acid pH, and digestive enzymes are important. However, there are few studies on the quality and amount of sporulation in B. coagulans. This study investigated the spore densities and formation efficiency of B. coagulans. The optimal medium formulation consisted of yeast extract (1.00 g L-1 ), potassium acetate (20...

Plantaricin LD1 was purified from a potential probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum LD1 previously isolated from indigenous food, Dosa. In this study, we have performed a detailed mechanism of action of plantaricin LD1 against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 considering Micrococcus luteus MTCC 106 as control. The plantaricin LD1 showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 34.57 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 138.3 µg/mL against M. luteus MTCC 106, whereas MIC 69...

Heart attacks, also known as myocardial infarctions (MIs), are one of the main reasons people die from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide. Neferine, an alkaloid derived from Nelumbo nucifera seeds, has garnered interest due to its purported medicinal effects. In the current research, we induced MI in rats using the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to investigate whether neferine can improve cardiac dysfunction. The rats were separated into four groups: control, isoproterenol (ISO), and two treatment groups received neferine at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg once daily for 28 days...

Long-term administration of bisphosphonates can lead to a significant side effect known as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Although macrophage-mediated inflammation has been established as an important factor in BRONJ, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the current study, the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in zoledronic acid (ZOL)-induced inflammation were analyzed in macrophages, and the regulatory mechanism of ER stress activation was next investigated. An in vitro model of BRONJ was established by treating RAW264...

Due to their potential to enhance therapeutic results and enable targeted drug administration, polymer-drug conjugates that use polyethylene glycol (PEG) as both the polymer and the linker for drug conjugation have attracted much research. This study seeks to investigate recent developments in the design and synthesis of PEG-based polymer-drug conjugates, emphasizing fresh ideas that fill in existing knowledge gaps and satisfy the increasing need for more potent drug delivery methods. Through an extensive review of the existing literature, this study identifies key challenges and proposes innovative strategies for future investigations...

Research on natural products is growing due to their potential health benefits and medicinal properties. Despite regional variations in phytochemical composition and bioactivity, Smilax glabra Roxb (SGB) has attracted the interest of researchers. Scientists are particularly interested in the Vietnamese SGB variant, which is influenced by biological and environmental factors. Despite geographical differences in phytochemical makeup and bioactivities, SGB remains a fascinating subject in traditional herbal medicine...

Glucoamylases are exo-enzymes that cleave the ends of the starch chain, releasing glucose units. In the current work, we described a novel 1,4-α-glucoamylase from an A. brasiliensis strain isolated from an environmental sample. The purified glucoamylase, GlaAb, has a molecular mass of 69 kDa and showed a starch binding domain. GlaAb showed a similar sequence to other fungal glucoamylases, and the molecular 3D model analysis of GlaAb suggests an overall structure as described in the literature, except by elongation in the loop connecting the 4th and 5th α-helices...

Biochemical synthetic pyrethroids, deltamethrin are presently used insecticides for the control of mosquito vector-borne diseases in worldwide. Mosquito re-emergence with diseases becoming a serious problem due to development of insecticide resistance. The comprehensive knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of resistance against deltamethrin is required for implementation of an efficient vector control programme. The assessment of the biological fitness of a mosquito strain exposed to insecticide pressure is extremely vital because it provides information on the development of resistance...

Streptomyces, a prominent genus within the Actinomycetota phylum, is responsible for over 60% of clinically relevant antibiotics. Streptomyces strains inhabiting plant roots possess the potential to synthesize bioactive natural products, conferring defense and resilience to plants against pathogenic microorganisms. However, this potential remains largely unexplored. This study aims to screen for bioactive metabolites produced by Streptomyces strains in the plant rhizosphere.Six Streptomyces isolates were cultivated using three modified media to induce the production of diverse metabolites, employing the One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) approach...

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is associated with a large number of tumor cellular functions together with chemotherapy resistance in a variety of tumors. LINC00963 was identified to regulate the malignant progression of various cancers. However, whether LINC00963 affects drug resistence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the relevant molecular mechanisms have never been reported. This study aims to investigate the effect of LINC00963 on cisplatin resistance in ESCC. After detecting the level of LINC00963 in human esophageal squamous epithelial cells (HET-1 A), ESCC cells (TE-1) and cisplatin resistant cells of ESCC (TE-1/DDP), TE-1/DDP cell line and nude mouse model that interfered with LINC00963 expression were established...

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with global incidence and death ranking fifth and fourth, respectively. GC patients nevertheless have a poor prognosis despite the effectiveness of more advanced chemotherapy and surgical treatment options. The second most frequently mutated gene in GC is PI3Kalpha, a confirmed oncogene that results in abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, causing enhanced translation, proliferation, and survival, and is mutated in 7-25% of GC patients. The protein PI3Kalpha was targeted in the present study by utilizing machine learning (ML), molecular docking, and simulation...

The phenolic, antioxidant and metabolic profiling of a new white variety guava fruit Arka Mridula (AM) was performed during its storage at the room temperature (28 ± 2 °C). The comparative profiles were generated at three ripening stages (pre-ripe, ripe and over-ripe) of the fruit. Generally, a steady decrease of the phenolic and antioxidant content from the pre-ripe to the ripe stage and a subsequent increase from the ripe to over-ripe stage was observed. Further, a powerful correlation between the phenolic content and antioxidant principles was noted through the principal component analysis...

Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) has shown immense potential as a dietary protein supplement and immunostimulant in aquaculture, especially in Nile tilapia production. Four isoproteic diets (30% crude protein) were prepared by including FPH at varying percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Nile tilapia fed with FPH diets for 90 days, and their growth performance, feed utilization, blood biochemistry, liver and gut morphology, and resistance against Streptococcus iniae were investigated. The findings revealed that diets physical attributes such as pellet durability index and water stability were remarkably (p < 0...

The objective is to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Tao Hong Si Wu Tang combined with anti-PD-1 in a mouse model of COPD combined with lung cancer, elucidating its mechanism through modulation of PD-1/PD-L binding, regulation of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance, inhibition of IL-4 and IL-17, and promotion of IFN-γ and TGF-β levels in peripheral blood. One hundred male C57/BL6 mice were randomly allocated to five groups: A (blank control), B (model control), C (THSW), D (anti-PD-1), and E (THSW + anti-PD-1), with 20 mice in each group...

To find out the differentially expressed small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in corneal neovascularization and their effect on angiogenesis. The rat model of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn was established, and the differentially expressed snoRNAs were sifted by high-throughput sequencing. Human genome homologs were screened and verified in cytopathological models. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and Western blot assays were applied to detect mRNA and corresponding proteins affected by the differentially expressed snoRNA...

Traditional medicine has long employed the shrub Hibiscus sabdariffa to treat a variety of illnesses. The biochemical characteristics of silver nanoparticles made using the plant extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were examined in this work. According to the results, the plant extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa had a total phenolic quantity of 84.9 mg/gm and a total quantity of flavonoids of 41.50 mg/gm. The extract also showed antibacterial action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (75...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung inflammatory disease that causes restricted airflow and breathing difficulties. In this work, we attempted to explore the salutary effects of rutaecarpine on COPD-induced rats. Healthy Wistar rats were employed in this study and exposed to cigarette smoke to initiate COPD. The rutaecarpine was given to the rats at 20 and 30 mg/kg dosages, respectively, for 12 weeks. Body weight gain, food uptake, and food efficiency were assessed after treatment completion...

Whether advanced biological waste treatment technologies, such as hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) integrated anaerobic digestion (AD), could enhance the removal of different antibiotics remains unclear. This study investigated the outcome of antibiotics and methane productivity during pig manure treatment via HTP, AD, and HTP + AD. Results showed improved removal efficiency of sulfadiazine (SDZ), oxytetracycline (OTC), and enrofloxacin (ENR) with increased HTP temperatures (70, 90, 120, 150, and 170 °C)...