European Journal of Orthodontics

BACKGROUND: The increasing utilization of large language models (LLMs) in Generative Artificial Intelligence across various medical and dental fields, and specifically orthodontics, raises questions about their accuracy. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess and compare the answers offered by four LLMs: Google's Bard, OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5, and ChatGPT-4, and Microsoft's Bing, in response to clinically relevant questions within the field of orthodontics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten open-type clinical orthodontics-related questions were posed to the LLMs...

BACKGROUND: Several methods have been proposed to assess outcome of bone-grafted alveolar clefts on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), but so far these methods have not been compared and clinically validated. OBJECTIVES: To validate and compare methods for outcome assessment of bone-grafted clefts with CBCT and provide recommendations for follow-up. METHODS: In this observational follow-up study, two grading scales (Suomalainen; Liu) and the volumetric bone fill (BF) were used to assess the outcome of 23 autogenous bone-grafted unilateral alveolar clefts...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Craniofacial skeletal discrepancies have been associated with upper airway dimensions. OBJECTIVE: To identify differences in upper airway volume across different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns. SEARCH METHODS: Unrestricted literature searches in eight databases/registers for human studies until May 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA: Cross-sectional studies measuring upper airway volumes using three-dimensional imaging in healthy patients of different sagittal (Class I, Class II, and Class III) or vertical (normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent) craniofacial morphology...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the presence, timing, and magnitude of a prepubertal mandibular growth spurt in a Class I and Class II population. METHODS: From the Burlington and Iowa Growth study of the AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection, 83 Class I subjects (37 females and 46 males) and 32 Class II subjects (18 males and 14 females) were identified, as having at least seven consecutive annual lateral cephalograms taken from 5 to 11 years of age...

BACKGROUND: Environmental sustainability has been brought into the limelight due to the global climate crisis. This crisis is driven by human activities and even the healthcare sector is no exception. Within dentistry, orthodontics is a large global market; hence, the use of post-orthodontic retainers has a significant environmental footprint. The aim of this study was to determine the environmental sustainability of post-orthodontic retention using Hawley and Essix retainers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative life-cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the environmental impact of both retainers...

OBJECTIVES: The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has prompted an exploration of their efficacy in generating PICO-based (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) queries, especially in the field of orthodontics. This study aimed to assess the usability of Large Language Models (LLMs), in aiding systematic review processes, with a specific focus on comparing the performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 using a specialized prompt tailored for orthodontics. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five databases were perused to curate a sample of 77 systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2016 and 2021...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) fixed retainers (FRs) as an alternative to multistranded FRs to maintain orthodontic treatment outcome. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to compare CAD/CAM versus conventional multistranded FRs in terms of stability until 2 years. Secondary outcomes were failure rates, patient satisfaction, and cost-minimization. TRIAL DESIGN: 2-arm parallel, two-centre randomized controlled trial...

BACKGROUND: Initial caries lesion (ICLs) adjacent to orthodontic brackets are the most common side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The reported prevalence is uncertain and varies considerably across studies, from 27% to 97%. OBJECTIVES: This paper was designed to evaluate and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence and incidence rates of ICLs in relation to orthodontic treatment. Selection criteria: The review (Prospero protocol CRD42023412952) included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials of interventions, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies, published after 1990 on the prevalence or incidence of ICLs during or after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances...

BACKGROUND: The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an RNA demethylase that contributes to several physiological processes. Nonetheless, the impact of FTO on bone remodeling in the midpalatal suture while undergoing rapid maxillary expansion (RME) remains unclear. METHODS: First, to explore the expression of FTO in the midpalatal suture during RME, six rats were randomly divided into two groups: Expansion group and Sham group (springs without being activated)...

BACKGROUND: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) frequently affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which can alter mandibular growth and development and result in dentofacial deformities. OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of orthopedic treatment with distraction splint (DS) in patients with JIA-related dentofacial deformity. METHODS: The retrospective study involved 30 patients with JIA and unilateral TMJ involvement, another study group of 20 patients with JIA and bilateral TMJ involvement, and a control group of 18 non-JIA orthodontic patients with Class II and III malocclusions...

BACKGROUND: Facial appearance plays a significant role in the success of social interactions. There is a limited amount of evidence investigating the influence of combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment on the social judgments of lay people. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in facial appearance following orthognathic surgery alter the social judgements made by lay people. ETHICAL APPROVAL: Ethical approval was granted from the University of Sheffield School of Clinical Dentistry Research Ethics Committee on 17th August 2020 (Reference: 033775)...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recently, lateral cephalograms have been proposed for guided miniscrew insertion planning. Therefore, the aim was to assess the reliability and safety of such planning on corresponding cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) images. MATERIALS/METHODS: Intraoral scans, lateral cephalograms, and CBCT images of 52 subjects (even sexes distribution), aged 15.1 ± 2.5 years, were included. Miniscrew (n = 104) insertion planning was performed using lateral cephalograms superimposed on the maxillary intraoral scans, while the assessment of their bicortical placement, length in bone, contact with adjacent teeth, incisive canal, and nasal floor perforation was done on corresponding superimposed CBCT images...

OBJECTIVE: Mouth breathing as a result of nasal obstruction affects craniofacial growth and development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of unilateral nasal obstruction and its recovery, along with the role of nitric oxide (NO) in masticatory muscle physiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight 4-week-old male rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The five experimental groups were subjected to left-sided nasal obstruction by suturing the external nostril, and the sutures were removed after 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 weeks to allow for varying recovery periods...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the dental and skeletal effects of pure bone-borne, non-surgical maxillary expansion, using a modified force-controlled polycyclic protocol. METHODS: Records of 17 adult patients, mean age 24.1 years; range 18-39 years, who had undergone maxillary expansion using a bone-borne Quad-expander (with 4 mini-screws), were analysed. In all patients, 0.17 mm/day of expansion was completed for 1 week, followed by a cyclic protocol of expansion of forward and backward turns until the force needed to turn the expander was below 400 cN, assessed weekly...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based scoring system for prioritizing limited orthodontic resources based on orthodontic treatment need (OTN), orthodontic treatment complexity (OTC), and orthodontic treatment priority (OTP), which is not merely a scoring system for malocclusion but also a comprehensive classification of orthodontic issues incorporating patient- and treatment-related factors, called Orthodontic Care Index (OCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The development of the OCI involved eight phases, starting with a systematic literature review to identify all possible parameters involved in determining OTN, OTC, and OTP...

BACKGROUND: Pain is an unpleasant experience and annoying sensation. To control this pain during orthodontic separation, different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods have been used. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to critically assess the evidence of the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods in reducing pain induced by orthodontic separation. SEARCH STRATEGY: An electronic search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed® (Medline), Scopus®, EMBASE®, Web of ScienceTM, Google ScholarTM, ProQuest, and Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) searching for the studies published between January 2012 and April 2023...

BACKGROUND: Agenesis of third molar agenesis has a higher incidence than other tooth development anomalies. Previous research identified a potential correlation between third molar agenesis and specific craniofacial morphology; however, no systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic currently exists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between third molar agenesis and craniofacial sagittal and vertical morphology...