Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention program for 3-year-old to 5-year-old overweight and obese children compared with a usual-care program. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial conducted from October 2006 to March 2008. SETTING: Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity at Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-five children (29 overweight, 46 obese) aged 3 to 5 years...

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the degree of obesity predicts the efficacy of long-term behavioral treatment and to explore any interaction with age. DESIGN: A 3-year longitudinal observational study. Obese children were divided into 3 age groups (6-9, 10-13, and 14-16 years) and also into 2 groups (moderately obese, with a body mass index [BMI]-standard deviation [SD] score [or z score] of 1.6 to <3.5, and severely obese, with a BMI-SD score of ≥3.5). SETTING: National Childhood Obesity Center, Stockholm, Sweden...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the independent and cumulative effects of past-year exposure to several different types of child victimization (peer victimization, witnessing family violence, community violence, sexual assault, and maltreatment) on suicidal ideation in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. DESIGN: The study used 2 waves of longitudinal data from the National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence. SETTING: Conducted in 2008 and 2010 on the telephone with respondents from the contiguous United States...

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing, hypoxemia, and sleep architecture in a cohort of infants and children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and normal or mildly impaired lung function in stable clinical condition. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Cystic Fibrosis Unit of a university hospital and pediatric sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 40 children (aged 6 months to 11 years) with CF in stable condition and 18 healthy age-matched control subjects...

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of children with urinary tract infection (UTI). DESIGN: Follow-up examination 6 to 17 years after childhood UTI. SETTING: Secondary to tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: From an original population-based cohort of 1185 children with a history of UTI on whom both ultrasonography (US) and voiding cystourethrography had been performed between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2003, we excluded 24 cases with major renal dysplasia or obstruction of the urinary tract to form a study cohort of 1161 patients...

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the parenting style of an adolescent's peers' parents and an adolescent's substance use. DESIGN: Longitudinal survey. SETTING: Adolescents across the United States were interviewed at school and at home. PARTICIPANTS: Nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States. MAIN EXPOSURE: Authoritative vs neglectful parenting style of adolescent's parents and adolescent's friends' parents and adolescent substance use...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of prenatal mercury exposure and fish intake with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related behavior. METHODS: For a population-based prospective birth cohort recruited in New Bedford, Massachusetts (1993-1998), we analyzed data for children examined at age 8 years with peripartum maternal hair mercury measures (n = 421) or maternal report of fish consumption during pregnancy (n = 515). Inattentive and impulsive/hyperactive behaviors were assessed using a teacher rating scale and neuropsychological testing...