Journal of Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: To identify perinatal factors in children born extremely preterm (EP) that were associated with motor impairment (MI) at 2 and 10 years of age and develop a predictive algorithm to estimate the risk of MI during childhood. METHODS: Participants of the ELGAN Study were classified as: no MI, MI only at 2 years, MI only at 10 years, and MI at both 2 and 10 years, based on a standardized neurological examination at 2 and the Gross Motor Function Classification System at 10 years of age...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of cardiorespiratory events, including apnea, periodic breathing, intermittent hypoxemia (IH), and bradycardia, with late-onset sepsis for extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks' gestational age [GA]) on versus off invasive mechanical ventilation. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective analysis of data from infants enrolled in Pre-Vent (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03174301), an observational study in five level IV neonatal intensive care units...

OBJECTIVE: To predict extubation readiness in preterm infants using machine learning analysis of bedside pulse oximeter and ventilator data. STUDY DESIGN: This is an observational study with prospective recordings of oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) and ventilator data from infants < 30 weeks' gestation age (GA). Research pulse oximeters collected SpO2 (1 Hz sampling rate) to quantify intermittent hypoxemia (IH). Continuous ventilator metrics were collected (4-5 min sampling) from bedside ventilators...

OBJECTIVE: To assess medical costs of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) care associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in children enrolled in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. STUDY DESIGN: We used accounting and prospective surveillance data from six pediatric health systems to assess direct medical costs from laboratory-confirmed RSV-associated hospitalizations (n=2,007) and ED visits (n=1,267) from 2016 through 2019 among children aged <5 years...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the evaluation and outcomes of children referred to pediatric hematology for normocytic anemia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of children aged 0 to 21 years referred to a tertiary pediatric hematology clinic for normocytic anemia from 2019 through 2021. Normocytic anemia was defined as a low hemoglobin and normal mean corpuscular volume, per the referring laboratory reference range. RESULTS: Two-hundred seventy-one patients (48% female, median age 5...

Findings from a recent survey of a community-based sample of Black youth ages 12 trough 21 in Baltimore, Maryland (N=345) reveal that viewing fatal police violence videos significantly increases the odds of youth sleep disturbances, and about 30% of this association is attributable to emotional distress after viewing the videos.

Infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia may require high doses of neurosedative medications to ensure pain control and stability following tracheostomy placement. Subsequent weaning of these medications safely and rapidly is a challenge. We describe a 24-hour propofol infusion to reduce neurosedative medications in 3 high-risk infants following tracheostomy placement.

OBJECTIVE: To determine which groups of children with cancer for whom to apply the newly developed quality measures for end-of-life (EOL) care. STUDY DESIGN: In a series of nominal groups, panelists answered the question: "Which children, diagnoses, conditions, or prognoses should be included when examining the quality of EOL care for children with cancer?" In each group, individual panelists proposed answers to the question. After collating individual responses, each panelist ranked their 5 top answers and points were assigned (5 pts for the best answer, 4 pts the second best, etc...

OBJECTIVE: To compare estimated healthcare resources needed to care for 22 through 24 weeks' gestation infants. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 1505 live in-born and out-born infants 22 through 24 weeks' gestational age at delivery from 6 pediatric tertiary care hospitals from 2011 through 2020. Median neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) length of stay (LOS) for each gestational age was used as a proxy for hospital resource utilization, and the number of comorbidities and medical technology use for each infant were used as estimates of future medical care needs...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) among long-survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair. STUDY DESIGN: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of CDH survivors who underwent exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) at Boston Children's Hospital from January 2006 to June 2020. PH severity was assessed by echocardiogram at baseline and after exercise. Patients were categorized by right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) after exercise: Group 1 - no or mild PH; and Group 2 - moderate or severe PH (RVSP ≥ 60 mmHg or ≥ ½ systemic blood pressure)...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between early-life atopic manifestations and later risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for which prospective data are scarce. STUDY DESIGN: The population-based All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) and Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child (MoBa) cohorts follow children from birth (ABIS 1997-1999; MoBa 2000-2009) to the end of 2021. Based on validated questionnaires, parents prospectively reported information on asthma, food-related allergic symptoms, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis by age 3...

Pediatric fellowship programs have conducted virtual interviews since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In this national survey of fellowship program directors (FPDs) and fellows interviewed in-person and virtually, FPDs and fellows formed accurate impressions, regardless of format, but our data did not clearly support one interview format over another.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) on growth trajectories of infants with HIV (IHIV) in the first year of life. STUDY DESIGN: As part of a clinical trial of early ART in Johannesburg, South Africa (2015-2018), 116 IHIV diagnosed within 48 hours of birth were started on ART as soon as possible, and 80 uninfected infants born to mothers living with HIV (IHEU) were enrolled. Both groups were followed prospectively from birth through 48 weeks and growth parameters collected...

Our goal was to identify predictors of invasive bacterial infection (ie, bacteremia and bacterial meningitis) in febrile infants aged 2 to 6 months. In our multicenter retrospective cohort, older age and lower temperature identified infants at low risk for invasive bacterial infection who could safely avoid routine testing.

OBJECTIVE: To define major congenital anomaly subgroups and assess outcome variability based on defined subgroups. STUDY DESIGN: This population-based cohort study used registries in Denmark for children born with a major congenital anomaly between January 1997 and December 2016, with follow-up until December 2018. We performed a latent class analysis (LCA) using child and family clinical and sociodemographic characteristics present at birth, incorporating additional variables occurring until age of 24 months...

OBJECTIVES: To examine if intergenerational transmission of parent weight talk occurs and the contextual factors prompting weight talk, and whether parent weight talk is associated with child weight, dietary intake, psychosocial outcomes, and food parenting practices. STUDY DESIGN: Children ages 5-9 and their families (n=1307) from six racial and ethnic groups (African-American, Hispanic, Hmong, Native American, Somali/Ethiopian, White) were recruited for a longitudinal cohort study through primary care clinics in Minneapolis/St...