Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Access to evidence-based pharmacotherapy (EBP) is crucial in effectively managing allergies. Allergy conditions, including rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis, require treatment guided by scientific evidence. However, healthcare professionals face challenges in accessing relevant information. RECENT FINDINGS: The dynamic nature of allergy research, coupled with limited resources and variability in practice guidelines, complicates decision-making...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To delineate pertinent information regarding the application of molecular allergology within the realm of both genetic and epidemiological facets of allergic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: The emergence of molecular allergy has facilitated the comprehension of the biochemical characteristics of allergens originating from diverse sources. It has allowed for the exploration of sensitization trajectories and provided novel insights into the influence of genetics and environmental exposure on the initiation and development of allergic diseases...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim is to update the information currently available for the use of biologics in severe asthma in children, in order to facilitate their prescription as far as possible. RECENT FINDINGS: The appearance of biologics for the treatment of severe asthma has meant a revolutionary change in the therapeutic approach to this disease. Currently, five biologics have been approved for severe asthma in children and/or adolescents by the regulatory agencies: omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab and tezepelumab...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to explore role of emerging biologics, including ligelizumab, UB-221, dupilumab, and antialarmins, in food allergy management. With a focus on recent developments, we evaluate their promise in mitigating adverse events during oral immunotherapy (OIT), reducing allergic reactions, and addressing the limitations of current therapeutic options. RECENT FINDINGS: Antiimmunoglobulin E mAbs, exemplified by omalizumab, demonstrate efficacy in desensitization and safety improvement during multiallergen OIT...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the perspectives regarding precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) of prepackaged foods following the consultation conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the WHO. RECENT FINDINGS: The FAO/WHO consultation provided a comprehensive assessment of the current status and practices of PAL implementation worldwide. One of the key findings highlighted by the Expert Committee was the need for improvement in existing PAL systems...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study is to understand the approach to precision medicine and personalized medicine in the management of allergic airway disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Identification of biomarkers as key tools used in precision medicine has led to the development of multiple biologic drugs being used as new treatments for allergic airway disease. SUMMARY: In addition to these advances, there is still much needed effort to improve the feasibility and utility of integrating biologic omics data of precision medicine with physicochemical, behavioral, psychological, and social data to deliver optimized treatments that is personalized for each individual...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review examine the dynamic landscape of food allergy treatment within the context of emerging biologics. Our purpose is to comprehensively evaluate the potential benefits, challenges, and transformative impact associated with the utilization of biologics in comparison to conventional therapeutic modalities. RECENT FINDINGS: This document synthesizes recent scientific investigations to various biologics, such as omalizumab, ligelizumab, dupilumab, and tezepelumab, providing a nuanced understanding of their roles in oral immunotherapy, rapid desensitization, and overall food allergy management...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Food allergy is a growing health problem that affects both patients and society in multiple ways. Despite the emergence of novel diagnostic tools, such as component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) and basophil activation tests (BAT), oral food challenge (OFC) still plays an indispensable role in the management of food allergies. This review aimed to highlight the indications and safety concerns of conducting an OFC and to provide insights into post-OFC management based on recent findings...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the past two decades, food allergy prevention strategies have shifted from 'delayed introduction' to 'no delayed introduction' to 'early introduction' of allergenic foods. This article reviews important research in this field published in the early 2020s to support future strategies for food allergy prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and real-world studies have reported that early allergenic food introduction, especially peanut and egg, are effective for preventing food allergies...

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Precision medicine has become important in the diagnosis and management of food allergies. This review summarizes the latest information regarding molecular allergology, an essential component of food allergy managements. RECENT FINDINGS: Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) can be used to investigate sensitization to allergens based on symptoms and to reveal co-sensitization and/or cross-sensitization in patients with allergies. The following allergen components are known to be associated with symptoms: ovomucoid from eggs, omega-5 gliadin from wheat, and many storage proteins (Gly m 8 from soy, Ara h 2 from peanut, Cor a 14 from hazelnut, Ana o 3 from cashew nut, Jug r 1 from walnut, and Ses i 1 from sesame)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To analyze and present recently published information on the factors that modify the burden of asthma and rhinitis in pediatric ages, such as ecological determinants; highlighting access and adherence to medications, exposure to pollutants and climate change. In addition to individual determinants such as obesity, protective & risk factors and comorbidities. RECENT FINDINGS: Asthma and rhinitis continue to have a significant impact worldwide on the health of affected patients, primarily children...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the current state of knowledge on the relationship between allergic sensitization and asthma; to lay out a roadmap for the development of IgE biomarkers that differentiate, in individual sensitized patients, whether their sensitization is important for current or future asthma symptoms, or has little or no relevance to the disease. RECENT FINDINGS: The evidence on the relationship between sensitization and asthma suggests that some subtypes of allergic sensitization are not associated with asthma symptoms, whilst others are pathologic...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) can complicate the natural history of asthmatic patients, especially the more severe ones, worsening disease control and increasing the need for therapies, steroids in particular, and medical care. The aim of the present review is to summarize the latest epidemiological data related to the relationship between asthma and ABPA and to offer a summary of the most recent strategies that could potentially facilitate in the identification of ABPA in asthmatic patients...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores the evolving landscape of pediatric asthma and rhinitis, focusing on identifying and characterizing different subtypes. RECENT FINDINGS: Childhood asthma and rhinitis are prevalent respiratory conditions frequently occurring together. To address the need for a precise definition of these diseases, an unbiased and comprehensive phenotyping approach has been undertaken with hypothesis-free analysis of extensive datasets to uncover new relationships among clinical, environmental, and biological characteristics...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Healthcare disparities impact prevalence, diagnosis, and management of allergic disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent evidence of healthcare disparities in allergic conditions to provide healthcare providers with better understanding of the factors contributing to disparities and to provide potential management approaches to address them. This review comes at a time in medicine where it is well documented that disparities exist, but we seek to answer the Why, How and What to do next? RECENT FINDINGS: The literature highlights the socioeconomic factors at play including race/ ethnicity, neighborhood, insurance status and income...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is a well established association between silica inhalational exposure and autoimmune disease, particularly in the context of intense exposure. We will provide in this article an update overview of new sources of silica dust exposure, with evidences of mechanisms from human and animal studies for association between silica and autoimmune diseases, their early detection of silicosis and new options for treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: New industries such as jewelry polishing, denim jean production, fabrication of artificial stone benchtops, glass manufacturing and glassware has led to re-emergence of silicosis around the world...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to evaluate recent literature on occupational platinum salt exposure and allergy and asthma in the context of existing evidence. RECENT FINDINGS: A major recent development is that large quantitative platinum salt exposure datasets have become available and are finding applications in epidemiological studies. These exposure data are expected to lead to higher quality epidemiological studies focusing on exposure response relations, modifiers of exposure and sensitization risk...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent evidence on allergen immunotherapy (AIT) as a model of personalized medicine in the treatment of children and adolescents with respiratory allergies. RECENT FINDINGS: Meta-analysis and systematic review studies continue to point out that AIT is an effective treatment for children with respiratory allergies. Molecular allergy allows the understanding of patient sensitization profiles that frequently change the prescription of AIT...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe recent findings in endotyping occupational asthma by addressing the role of specific biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies on occupational asthma endotypes have focused on immune and inflammatory patterns associated with different occupational exposures to sensitizers or irritants.Sputum neutrophilia has been found in 58.5% patients with occupational asthma caused by high molecular weight (HMW) agents, and work-related dysphonia in patients with occupational asthma was described as associated with sputum neutrophilia too...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of the present review was to highlight the interactions between rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and asthma in children and to discuss the most relevant scientific progresses in the pathophysiology and treatment of these combined conditions. RECENT FINDINGS: Advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the relationship between upper and lower airways have provided valuable insights into the role of eosinophils in the pathophysiology of inflammatory events and have further delineated the concept of united airway disease...