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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Webster-Clark, Rachael K Ross, Alexander P Keil, Robert W Platt
External validity is an important part of epidemiologic research. To validly estimate effects in specific external target populations using a chosen effect measure (i.e., "transport"), some methods require that one account for all effect measure modifiers [EMMs]. However, little is known about how including other variables that are not EMMs (i.e., non-EMMs) in adjustment sets impacts estimates. Using simulations, we evaluated how inclusion of non-EMMs affected estimation of the transported risk difference (RD) by assessing impacts of covariates that A) differ (or not) between the trial and the target, B) are associated with the outcome (or not), and C) modify the RD (or not)...
April 15, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandra A S Menezes, Zila M Sanchez, Marcelo Demarzo, Leandro F M Rezende, Richard Miskolci
We used Poisson's linear regression to examine the association between racial bullying (RB) and the initiation of alcohol and tobacco uses after nine months. Two cluster randomized controlled trials were conducted in 2019 with fifth (girls: 50.0%; 10 years old: 82.0%; White: 36.8%; Black: 58.7%; Others: 4.5%) and seventh graders (girls: 49.5%; 12 years old: 78.1%; White: 33.2%; Black: 60.4%; Others: 6.4%) from 30 public schools in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. We restricted our analyzes on two subsets of students in each grade: those who reported no lifetime alcohol use at baseline and those who reported no lifetime baseline tobacco use...
April 15, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fabiola Giudici, Angela De Paoli, Federica Toffolutti, Stefano Guzzinati, Silvia Francisci, Lauro Bucchi, Gemma Gatta, Elena Demuru, Sandra Mallone, Antonella Dal Cin, Adele Caldarella, Francesco Cuccaro, Enrica Migliore, Maria Letizia Gambino, Alessandra Ravaioli, Antonella Puppo, Margherita Ferrante, Giuliano Carrozzi, Fabrizio Stracci, Antonino Musolino, Cinzia Gasparotti, Rossella Cavallo, Walter Mazzucco, Maria Francesca Vitale, Giuseppe Cascone, Paola Ballotari, Stefano Ferretti, Lucia Mangone, Roberto Vito Rizzello, Giuseppe Sampietro, Michael Mian, Lorenza Boschetti, Rocco Galasso, Francesca Bella, Daniela Piras, Alessandra Sessa, Pietro Seghini, Anna Clara Fanetti, Pasquala Pinna, Roberta De Angelis, Diego Serraino, Luigino Dal Maso, Airtum Working Group
This study aims to estimate long-term survival, cancer prevalence, and several cure indicators for Italian women with gynaecological cancers. Thirty-one cancer registries, representing 47% of the Italian female population, were included. Mixture cure models were used to estimate Net Survival (NS), Cure Fraction, Time To Cure (5-year conditional NS>95%), Cure Prevalence (women who will not die of cancer), and Already Cured (living longer than Time to Cure). In 2018, 0.4% (121,704) of Italian women were alive after corpus uteri cancer, 0...
April 15, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alix S Winter, Anthony K Yartel, Christine Fountain, Keely Cheslack-Postava, Yujia Zhang, Laura A Schieve, Dmitry M Kissin, Peter Bearman
In recent decades, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased rapidly. To assess the relationship between ART and autism diagnosis, we linked California birth records from 2000 through 2016 with contemporaneous records from the National ART Surveillance System (NASS) and autism caseload records from California's Department of Developmental Services from 2000 through November 2019. All 95,149 birth records that were successfully linked to a NASS record, indicating an ART birth, were matched 1:1 using propensity scores to non-ART births...
April 15, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Érika Carvalho de Aquino, Renato Rodrigues Silva, Otaliba Libânio de Morais Neto
The rapid expansion of Uber System and e-hailing apps has been transforming the logistics network and urban mobility around the world. The present work aims at evaluating the impact of Uber System on the traffic injury mortality (TI) in implementation in Brazilian capitals. A quasi-experimental design of interrupted time series was used. The monthly mortality rates for TI standardized by age were analised. The date of availability of Uber app, specific to each capital, was considered as the start date. Data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used...
April 6, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marissa M Shams-White, E Christi Thompson, Raymond J Carroll, Jill Reedy
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of methodological changes to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score on associations with risk for all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer risk jointly among older adults in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Weights were incorporated for each Score component; a continuous point scale was developed in place of the Score's fully discrete cut-points; and cut-point values were changed for physical activity and red meat based on evidence-based recommendations...
April 6, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gyeyoon Yim, Andrea Roberts, Kristen Lyall, Alberto Ascherio, Marc G Weisskopf
Animal studies have shown that exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy can induce neurobehavioral anomalies in multiple subsequent generations. However, little work has examined such effects in humans. We examined the risk of grandchild autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in association with grandmother smoking during pregnancy, using data from 53,562 mothers and grandmothers, and 120,267 grandchildren in the Nurses' Health Study II using nurse reporting in 1999 of her mother's smoking. Grandchildren's ASD diagnoses were reported by the mothers in 2005 and 2009...
April 6, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sameer V Gopalani, George F Sawaya, Anne F Rositch, Sabitha Dasari, Trevor D Thompson, Jacqueline M Mix, Mona Saraiya
Hysterectomy protects against cervical cancer when the cervix is removed. However, measures of cervical cancer incidence often fail to exclude women with a hysterectomy from the population at risk denominator, underestimating and distorting disease burden. In this study, we estimated hysterectomy prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys to remove the women who were not at risk of cervical cancer from the denominator and combined these estimates with the United States Cancer Statistics data...
April 6, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sonja A Swanson, Matthew Miller
Strong epidemiologic evidence from ecologic and individual-level studies in the United States supports the claim that access to firearms substantially increases the risk of dying by suicide, homicide, and firearm accidents. Less certain is how well particular interventions work to prevent these deaths and other firearm-related harms. Given the limits of existing data to study firearm violence, and the infeasibility of conducting randomized trials of firearm access, it is important to do the best we can with the data we already have...
April 6, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Han Chiu, Krista F Huybrechts, Yanmin Zhu, Loreen Straub, Brian T Bateman, Roger Logan, Sonia Hernández-Díaz
Fertility procedures recorded in healthcare databases can be used to estimate the start of pregnancy, which can serve as a reference standard to validate gestational age estimates based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. In a cohort of 17,398 pregnancies conceived by fertility procedures in MarketScan (2011-2020), we estimated gestational age at the end of pregnancy using algorithms based on (1) days since fertility procedure (the reference); (2) ICD-9/ICD-10 (before/after October 2015) codes indicating gestational length recorded at the end of pregnancy (method A); and (3) ICD-10 enhanced with Z3A codes denoting specific gestation weeks recorded at prenatal visits (method B)...
April 6, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Influence of Incomplete Death Information on Cumulative Risk Estimates in United States Claims Data.
Julie Barberio, Ashley I Naimi, Rachel E Patzer, Christopher Kim, Rohini K Hernandez, M Alan Brookhart, David Gilbertson, Brian D Bradbury, Timothy L Lash
Administrative claims databases often do not capture date or fact of death, so studies using these data may inappropriately treat death as a censoring event-equivalent to other withdrawal reasons-rather than a competing event. We examined 1-, 3-, and 5-year inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted cumulative risks of a composite cardiovascular outcome among 34,527 initiators of telmisartan (exposure) and ramipril (referent) ages ≥55 in Optum claims from 2003 to 2020. Differences in cumulative risks of the cardiovascular endpoint due to censoring of death (cause-specific), as compared to treating death as a competing event (sub-distribution), increased with greater follow-up time and older age, where event and mortality risks were higher...
April 6, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nancy A Dreyer, Stella C F Blackburn
Person-generated health data (PGHD) are valuable to study outcomes relevant to everyday living, to obtain information not otherwise available, for long-term follow-up and in situations where decisions cannot wait for traditional clinical research to be completed. While there is no dispute that these data are subject to bias, insights gained may be better than an information void, provided the biases are understood and acknowledged. People will share information known uniquely to them about exposures that may affect drug tolerance, safety and effectiveness, e...
April 3, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Frank J Penedo, Patricia I Moreno, Magela Pons, Paulo S Pinheiro, Michael H Antoni, Gilberto Lopes, Carmen Calfa, Patricia Chalela, Luz Garcini, Chen-Pin Wang, Yidong Chen, Adolfo Diaz, Steve Cole, Amelie G Ramirez
PURPOSE: Avanzando Caminos (Leading Pathways): The Hispanic/Latino Cancer Survivorship Cohort Study aims to examine the influence of sociocultural, medical, stress, psychosocial, lifestyle, behavioral, and biological factors on symptom burden, health-related quality of life, and clinical outcomes among Hispanics/Latinos who have been previously treated for cancer. METHODS: Avanzando Caminos is a prospective, cohort-based study of 3,000 Hispanics/Latinos who completed primary cancer treatment within the past five years that is representative of the general Hispanic/Latino population in the U...
April 3, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jacqueline E Rudolph, Bryan Lau, Becky L Genberg, Jing Sun, Gregory D Kirk, Shruti H Mehta
Multimorbidity, defined as having 2 or more chronic conditions, is a growing public health concern, but research in this area is complicated by the fact that multimorbidity is a highly heterogenous outcome. Individuals in a sample may have a differing number and varied combinations of conditions. Clustering methods, such as unsupervised machine learning algorithms, may allow us to tease out the unique multimorbidity phenotypes. However, many clustering methods exist and choosing which to use is challenging because we do not know the true underlying clusters...
April 3, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roxana Khalili, Jesselle M Legaspi, M Patricia Fabian, Jonathan I Levy, Susan A Korrick, Verónica M Vieira
Prenatal exposures are associated with childhood asthma, and risk may increase with simultaneous exposures. Pregnant women living in lower-income communities tend to have elevated exposures to a range of potential asthma risk factors, which may interact in complex ways. We examined the association between prenatal exposures and the risk of childhood asthma acute care clinical encounters (hospitalization, emergency department visit, observational stay) using conditional logistic regression with a multivariable smooth to model the interaction between continuous variables, adjusted for maternal characteristics, and stratified by sex...
April 3, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christa Orchard, Elizabeth Lin, Laura Rosella, Peter M Smith
Mental health is a complex, multidimensional concept that goes beyond clinical diagnoses, including psychological distress, life stress and well-being. This study aims to use unsupervised clustering approaches to identify multidimensional mental health profiles that exist in the population, and their associated service use patterns. The data source for this study is the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey- Mental Health linked to administrative healthcare data holdings, included were all Ontario adult respondents...
April 3, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vanessa Didelez
How do we construct our causal DAGs, e.g. for life course modelling and analysis? In this commentary I review how the data-driven construction of causal DAGs (causal discovery) has evolved, what promises it holds and what limitations or caveats must be considered. In conclusion I find that expert- or theory-driven model building might benefit from some more checking against the data and causal discovery could bring new ideas into old theories.
April 3, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alejandro G Szmulewicz, Gonzalo Martínez-Alés, Roger Logan, Maria Ferrara, Christian Kelly, Diane Fredrikson, Juan Gago, Sarah Conderino, Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja, Joaquín Galvañ, Lorna Thorpe, Vinod Srihari, Lakshmi Yatham, Deepak K Sarpal, Ann K Shinn, Celso Arango, Dost Öngür, Miguel A Hernán, On Behalf Of The Fep-Causal Collaboration
Good adherence to antipsychotic therapy helps prevent relapses in First Episode Psychosis (FEP). We used data from the FEP-CAUSAL Collaboration, an international consortium of observational cohorts to emulate a target trial comparing antipsychotics with treatment discontinuation as the primary outcome. Other outcomes included all-cause hospitalization. We benchmarked our results to estimates from EUFEST, a randomized trial conducted in the 2000s. We included 1097 patients with a psychotic disorder and less than 2 years since psychosis onset...
April 3, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vicente Cid, Claudio Vargas, Iris Delgado, Mauricio Apablaza, Meredith S Shiels, Allan Hildesheim, Jill Koshiol, Catterina Ferreccio
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 3, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Benita Jackson, Brittney Francis
African American mothers are unjustly burdened both by residential evictions and psychological distress. We quantified associations between trajectories of neighborhood evictions over time, and odds of moderate and serious psychological distress (MPD and SPD, respectively) during pregnancy among African American women. We linked publicly available neighborhood eviction filing and judgement rate data to preconception and during pregnancy addresses from the Life-course Influences on Fetal Environments Study (2009-2011, n=808)...
March 22, 2024: American Journal of Epidemiology
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