AIDS

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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of three multi-month dispensing (3MMD) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV care retention in southern Mozambique. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We analysed routine health data from people living with HIV (PLHIV) ≥10 years old who started ART between January 2018 and March 2021. Individuals were followed until December 2021. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to compare attrition (lost to follow-up, death, and transfer out) between 3MMD and monthly ART dispensing...

OBJECTIVES: People living with HIV (PWH) may have an increased burden of penile cancer. We aimed to evaluate the risk of penile cancer in PWH compared to that of the general population. DESIGN: We conducted a nationwide retrospective matched cohort study of penile cancer incidence among veterans living with HIV (VWH) compared to veterans without HIV. METHODS: We compared penile cancer incidence rates in 44,173 VWH to those of veterans without Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (N = 159,443; 4:1 matched in age...

OBJECTIVES: Some drugs that augment cell-intrinsic defenses or modulate cell death/survival pathways have been reported to selectively kill cells infected with HIV or SIV, but comparative studies are lacking. We hypothesized that these drugs may differ in their ability to kill cells infected with intact and defective proviruses. DESIGN: To investigate this hypothesis, drugs were tested ex vivo on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) from nine ART-suppressed individuals...

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OBJECTIVE: Adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV (AWH) are at an increased risk of poor cognitive development but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Circulating galectin-9 (Gal-9) has been associated with increased inflammation and multi-morbidity in adults with HIV despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART), however, relationship between Gal-9 in AWH and cognition remain unexplored. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of two independent age-matched cohorts from India [AWH on ART (n = 15), ART-naïve (n = 15), and adolescents without HIV (AWOH; n = 10)] and Myanmar [AWH on ART (n = 54) and AWOH (n = 22)] were studied...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to use GPS technology to determine if violent and property crime exposure to participants activity spaces affect outcomes of the HIV prevention and care continuum (PCC) among Young Black sexually minoritized men (YBSMM) and Transgender women (TW), a subgroup at high vulnerability for new HIV diagnoses. Exposure to violent and property crime adversely affects a variety of acute and chronic medical conditions; however the relationship between exposure to violent and property crime and HIV risk (e...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and cancer risk as well as site-specific cancer risks in adults with HIV using a nationwide health screening database in Korea. METHODS: Of the 16,671 adults with a new diagnosis of HIV from 2004 to 2020, 456 incident cancer cases and 1,814 individually matched controls by sex, year of birth, year of HIV diagnosis, and follow-up duration (1:4 ratio) were included in this nested case-control study...

OBJECTIVES: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) accounts for a considerable proportion of HIV care expenses. In June 2021, a Dutch healthcare insurer implemented a mandatory policy to de-simplify branded RPV/TDF/FTC (Eviplera®) into a two-tablet regimen containing rilpivirine (Edurant®) plus generic TDF/FTC as part of cost-saving measures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the acceptance of this policy, (2) the trends in antiretroviral therapy dispensation, and (3) cost developments...

OBJECTIVE: People with HIV (PWH) have high risk of liver fibrosis. We investigated the effect of weight gain and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on liver fibrosis dynamics. DESIGN: Multicenter cohort study. METHODS: Fibrosis progression was defined as development of significant fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement [LSM]≥8 kPa), or transition to cirrhosis (LSM≥13 kPa), for those with significant fibrosis at baseline...

OBJECTIVE: Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular tumor that affects the pulmonary system. However, the diagnosis of airway lesions suggestive of pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (pKS) is reliant on bronchoscopic visualization. We evaluated the role of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with bronchoscopic evidence of pKS and evaluated inflammatory cytokine profiles in BAL and blood samples. DESIGN: In this retrospective study, we evaluated KSHV viral load and cytokine profiles within BAL and blood samples in patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspected pKS between 2016 and 2021...

The relationships between alterations in the intestinal barrier, and bacterial translocation with the development of metabolic complications in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (YPHIV) have not been investigated. The PHACS Adolescent Master Protocol enrolled YPHIV across 15 U.S. sites, including Puerto Rico, from 2007-2009. For this analysis, we included YPHIV with HIV viral load ≤1000 c/mL, with at least one measurement of homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) or non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDLc) between baseline and year 3 and plasma levels of intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and zonulin levels at baseline...

OBJECTIVE: With aging, people living with HIV (PLWH) have diminishing postural stability that increases liability for falls. Factors and neuromechanisms contributing to instability are incompletely known. Brain white matter abnormalities seen as hyperintense (WMH) signals have been considered to underlie instability in normal aging and PLWH. We questioned whether sway-WMH relations endured after accounting for potentially relevant demographic, physiological, and HIV-related variables...

OBJECTIVES: Expansion of ART and increases to life expectancy have led to aging among people living with HIV (PWH). DESIGN: Kenyan decisionmakers need accurate forecasts of the age distribution of PWH to inform future policies. METHODS: We developed a model of HIV in Kenya, calibrated to historical estimates of HIV epidemiology. We forecasted changes in population size and age distribution of new HIV infections and PWH under the status quo and under scale-up of HIV services...

OBJECTIVE: :We sought to determine if standard influenza and pneumococcal vaccines can be used to stimulate HIV reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN: :Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of two clinically recommended vaccines (influenza and pneumococcal). METHODS: :Persons with HIV on ART (N = 54) were enrolled in the clinical trial. Blood was collected at baseline and days 2,4,7,14 and 30 postimmunizations...

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association and concordance between self-reported oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) intake in a diary app and intraerythrocytic drug metabolite concentrations. DESIGN: AMPrEP was a prospective demonstration study providing daily and event-driven PrEP to MSM in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2015-2020). METHODS: Participants could record their PrEP intake in a diary app. Dried blood spots (DBS) were taken at 6, 12, 24, and 48 months and analysed for tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) and emtricitabine triphosphate (FTC-TP) concentrations...

OBJECTIVE: :We estimated the effects of cumulative exposure to depressive symptoms on risk of all-cause mortality among people living with HIV in four African countries. DESIGN: :Analysis of prospective cohort data. METHODS: :The African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) is a prospective cohort of people receiving care at twelve clinics in Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. Every six months from January 2013 to May 2020, participants underwent laboratory monitoring, structured surveys, and assessment of depressive symptom severity using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)...

BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) on integrase inhibitor-based regimens may be at risk of excess weight gain, but it is unclear if this risk is consistent across settings. We assessed weight change over 48 weeks among PWH who were transitioned to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD). DESIGN: We conducted a prospective cohort study at public-sector HIV clinics in Uganda and South Africa. METHODS: Eligible participants were adults who were transitioned to TLD...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate associations between self-rated health (SRH) and care outcomes among United States adults with diagnosed HIV infection. DESIGN: We analyzed interview and medical record data collected during June 2020-May 2021 from the Medical Monitoring Project, a complex, nationally representative sample of 3,692 people with HIV (PWH). Respondents reported SRH on a 5-point Likert type scale (poor to excellent), which we dichotomized into "good or better" and "poor or fair"...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) from 2000 to 2019 among North American adults with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) aged 18 to 30. DESIGN: Description of outcomes based on electronic health records for a cohort of 375 young adults with PHIV enrolled in routine HIV care at clinics contributing data to the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD)...